HKAT EQUIVALENT OF NUTRIENTS OF FOOD. GOl 



tliis work w'lih the bomb, since the two methods gave such very small 

 variations in the case of the other fats. We recalculate the earlier 

 values, therefore, using the proportion found for animal fats which 

 represented the relation of the results obtained by the two methods. 

 This is 98.57: 100. Thus the heat equivalent of 1 gm. of various 

 substances is as follows: 



Small calories. 



Liuseed oil, first quality 9, 488 



Linseed oil, second quality 9, 439 



Olive oil, first quality 9, 467 



Olive oil, second quality 9, 458 



Olive oil, third quality 9, 608 



Poppy oil, first quality 9, 597 



Poppy oil, second quality 9, 562 



"Riiben" oil, i.e., oil from seeds of various Brassicte, first quality. 9, 627 

 "Eiiben" oil, i. e., oil from seeds of various Brassicie, second quality 9, 759 



The fats obtained by extracting the seeds with ether vary somewhat 

 from the oil obtained by pressure. All such fats have a somewhat 

 lower heat equivalent than the expressed oils. This is evidently due to 

 the i)resence of other substances which are also extracted by the ether. 

 The ether extract of the green part of various plants has also a lower 

 heat equivalent than any expressed oil. The following are heat equiva- 

 lents of fats and allied substances extracted with ether: 



Small calories. 



Flaxseed 9, 262 



Hemp seed 9,348 



Poppy seed 9, 470 



Mustard seed 9, 543 



Eape seed 9, 594 



Seed of Brassica campcstrh, rajxi, etc 9, 604 



Clover hay extract 8,926 



Meadow hay extract 9, 136 



Vegetable ivax. — The following tigures may be cited: 



Small calories. 



Japan wax from Uh us succadanea -• 9, 130 



Caudleberry Avax from Mi/rica cerifera 9, 104 



Carnauba wax from Copern iea cerifera 10, 237 



Japanese wax is composed almost entirely of dipalmitin. The heat 

 equivalent of dipalmitin is 9,123 small calories per gram. According 

 to Moore ^ caudleberry wax is largely free palmitic and myristic acids, 

 together with a little of their glycerids. Tlie heat equivalent of 1 

 gm. palmitic acid is 9,369 small calories; of 1 gm. myristic acid, 

 9,119 small calories. The above composition of the wax is therefore 

 not correct. Carnauba wax is largely the ceryl ether of cerotic acid. 

 Its heat equivalent must be much higher than that of fat. 



'Husemanu and Hilger, Pflauzeustoffe, p. 474. 



