FOODS — ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 



745 



"It is interesting to note that this loss falls almost entirely on the nitrogen-free 

 extract, or carbohydrates, more than two thirds of it being actually accounted for 

 by the diminished percentage of sugars." 



Effect of ^vatering, w^hether before or after eating or ad libitum, 

 on digestibility of the food and nitrogen exchange, S. Gabriel 

 and H. Weiske {Landw. Vers. Stat., 45, No. 3 and 4, ])p. 311-323).— To 

 determine whether it was immaterial when animals were watered, as 

 shown by the amount of water taken, the utilization of the food, and 

 the nitrog:en exchange of the body, a trial was made with 2 grown 

 sheep, lasting from June 2 to 29, divided into 3 periods. In the first 

 period water was kept before the sheep all the time; in the second 

 No. 1 was watered before feeding and No. 2 after; and in the third the 

 order was reversed. The food consisted uniformly of 800 gm. of meadow 

 hay and 250 gm. of whole oats per sheep daily, fed in 3 portions. 

 The quantity of water drunk and the amount and composition of the 

 solid and liquid excreta were determined for each sheep in each period. 

 The average results follow: 



Average water consumption, nitrogen exchange, and nitrogen storage per sheep daily. 



' Aa shown by nitrogen in urine. 

 DigestiMlity of ration under different methods of watering. 



It will be seen that sheep No. 1 invariably drank more water than 

 sheep No. 2, which is believed to be a matter of individuality. Both 

 sheep drank less water when it was given before feeding than when 

 given ad libitum or after feeding. The average difference amounted to 

 13 per cent with No. 1 and 21 per cent with No. 2. There was no appa- 

 rent connection between the manner of watering and the nitrogen 

 exchange, although this was somewhfit greater throughout in the case 

 of No. 2, due, it is suggested, to the greater water consumption. Like- 

 wise in the rate of digestibility there were no regular differences that 

 could be attributed to manner of watering. 



