AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING. 847 



A scheme for paying for cream by the Babcock test in butter 

 factories, J. M. Bartleit (Maine Sta. Bui. 15, M ser.,pp. 4,pl. 1). — 

 111 this bulletin a i)oi)ular detailed descrijitioii is given of the method 

 of carrying out the payment for cream at creameries on the basis of 

 its weight and fat content, instead of its volume alone. The cream is 

 to be weighed by the collector and a small sample taken by means of a 

 siimpling tube, and placed in a 2-oz. bottle marked with the patron's 

 number. Upon arrival at the creamery the small samjile bottles are 

 emptied into the composite sample jars of the respective patrons, and 

 these composite samples preserved by means of bichromate of potash 

 for 2 weeks (4 weeks in winter), when they are tested by the Babcock 

 tester. The method of paying for the cream from the results of the 

 test is illustrated. 



In the sale of milk, which offers the more profitable market, 

 the creamery or a milk association of Philadelphia? A. T. 

 Neale {Delaware Sta. Rpt. 1893, pp. 19-21). — The financial record is 

 given by months of two dairymen, one of whom sent his milk to Phila- 

 delphia and the other to a creamery which paid by test. The first sent 

 33,214 qts. of milk to Philadelphia during the year, receiving $1,027.23 

 net or 3.1 cts. per quart. The milk averaged 4.3 per cent of fat for the 

 year. The second sent 33,214 qts. of 5 per cent milk to the creamery, 

 receiving $1,070.84. Had the first sent his 4.3 per cent milk to the 

 creamery he would have lost $101.04, and had the second sent his 5 

 per cent milk to the city he would have lost $49.63. "That is, in the 

 city trade, no distinction in price is made between a product with 5 

 per cent and one with 4.3 per cent of butter. Yet on 33,214 qts. of 

 milk, this diflerence on the creamery basis amounted to $150.67.'" 



Test of hand separator, C. L. Penny {Delaware Sta. Rpt. 1893, p. 

 192). — The power required to run a DeLaval Baby Separator at the 

 rate of 41 turns per minute was found to be 0.1 horsepower. Euu at 

 47 turns per minute the skim milk contained 0.1 per cent of fat. 



The preparation of a ne-w drink from milk, A. Bernstein (Deut. landw. Presse, 



22 {1S95), No. 14, pp. 119, 120). 



Inoculation in the manufacture of koumis, P. Spallanzani {Staz. Sper. Agr. 

 ItaL, 2S (1805), Xo. 1, pp. 43-52). 



Flaack's milk sterilizer [Deut. landw. Presse, 23(1895), Ko. 7, pp. 56, 57). 



The Patterson method for determining the amount of butter-fat in milk 

 (Mississippi Sta. Ept. 1893, pp. 48-50). — Au account of a modificatiou of the Beim- 

 ling method, previouslj' described in Bulletin 21 of the station (E. S. R., 4, p. 267). 



AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING. 



Tile drains, S. M. Tracy {Missusippi Sta. Rpt. 1893, pp. 37-40).— 

 Accounts are given of attemps at the station during 1889-'93 to tile 

 drain "creek bottom lands underlaid by a very heavy, almost impervi- 

 ous, black soil and clay; black prairie soils; and 'seepy' clay hillsides." 

 The efiect of the tiles was evident not only in removal of excess of 

 water but in mitigation of drought on soils subject to it. 



