828 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



ciiiculio; and (4) spraying when tLe fruit began to sbow color to pre- 

 vent attacks of the rot. In the first orchard the fungicides used as 

 sprays were ainnioniacal copper carbonate and suspended co[)per car- 

 bonate with glue. As a result of the winter treatment it was found that 

 26 per cent bligbted blossoms were on the unsprayed trees, as compared 

 with 12 per cent on those given treatment and 17 per cent on those 

 given the earlj^ spraying but no winter treatment. Owing to the fruit 

 not liaving been gathered according to directions, the results of the 

 other treatments were lost. 



In the second orchard the same treatments were tested with 3 addi- 

 tional fungicides, viz, copper and ammonium carbonate, copper acetate, 

 and coi)per sulphate and calcium chlorid solutions. The results 

 obtained Indicate encouraging benefits from spraying, and the ques- 

 tion of whether winter treatment and early spraying is not sufficient is 

 to be the subject of further experiment. The use of Paris green was 

 attended with a greater total yield over their checks, amounting to 

 about 3 times the-yield where no treatment was given. There was a 

 decreased amount of rot present in those trees liaving been treated for 

 that disease. 



Observations on plant diseases (pp. 109-115). — The author made cul- 

 tures of the crimson clover root rot, Sclerotinia trifoliorum, previously 

 published as 8. tri/olium,^ and found it would grow readily on indiffer- 

 ent media. This shows its power to live as a saprophyte as well as 

 parasitically on its host. Any cultivation that tends to stir the soil 

 will tend to eradicate the fungus. 



A lot of cowpea seed was sown, and the developing plants were so 

 badly diseased as to require a replanting. The second lot of seed was 

 examined and 9.5 per cent found to be affected by CoUetotrichum linde- 

 muthianum. The presence of the disease can be recognized by the 

 spotted appearance of the seed, and all such should be rejected. 



Notes are given on the ripe rot or anthracnose of tomato. In the 

 Annual Eeport of the station for 1891, j). 60 (E. S. R., 5, p. 59), this 

 disease was described as due to C. lycopersici, n. sp., but the author has 

 since decided it as identical with C. phomoiiles^ the name by which the 

 fungus should be known. The author made numerous inoculations 

 with the spores, and found that they would as readily grow on the 

 pepper, grape, and apple as on the tomato, a fact which he thinks i)oints 

 toward the probable identity of the ripe rots of these fruits. 



Bacteriological icorJc (pp. 115-131). — The author gives in detail the 

 methods followed in preparing an attenuated anthrax virus for use in 

 the protection of cows against anthrax. The method employed was 

 that of attenuation by heat, keeping the cultures at a temperature of 

 42 to 43° C. for a time, the different lots being tested until the required 

 attenuation is secured. Examinations were made by the author of 

 milk and a supposed case of anthrax in man without finding the specific 

 bacilli present, while they were found in a case of anthrax in a horse. 



1 Delaware Sta. Rpt. 1890, p. 84 (E, S. R., 3, p. 689). 



