ENTOMOLOGY. 915 



bore and kerosene emulsion produced conflicting results. The destruc- 

 tion of the pupae by destroying the "old stumps," by fall plowing, and 

 by the use of gas lime is also chissed among these methods. 



Among the numerous methods that have been thoroughly tested 

 and found ineffective or impracticable maybe mentioned soil selection, 

 time of planting, trap crops, different fertilizing substances, rotation 

 of crops, and various insecticides. Tobacco decoction and liainit are 

 regarded as not having been sufiQciently tested, but are not believed to 

 be desirable. 



In conclusion the bibliography and synonymy of the insect are worked 

 up and its identity and relationships discussed. 



Report of entomologist, G. H. Perkins ( Vermont Sta. Bpt. 1893j 

 pp. 119-145, Jigs. 19). — Brief popular notes on insecticides and on vari- 

 ous insects that proved more or less injurious throughout the State 

 during the year, with prefatory remarks on the nature and methods of 

 investigations in economic entomology and the care and perseverance 

 required. 



Directions are given for the preparation of various insecticides, and 

 exijeriments are mentioned for proving their respective efficiency, 

 P-aris green and lime, and kerosene emulsion, are advised for insects 

 attacking the foliage; dilute kerosene emulsion for root-infesting in- 

 sects; and bisulphid of carbon for grain insects. Experience with pot- 

 ash salts used as fertilizers leads to the opinion that their insecticidal 

 powers have been overrated. 



An insect new to the State, Catastega aceriella, is mentioned as attack- 

 ing maple leaves, constructing a web-covered tunnel on the undersides 

 of the leaves. Considerable damage to the shade trees is feared, and 

 Kpraying with Paris green or arsenate of lead as soon as the caterpil- 

 lars appear in the spring is advised. 



Illustrated descriptive, life history, and remedial notes are given for 

 the horn fly {Hfcmatohia serrata), apple maggot {Trypeta pomonella), and 

 various cutworms, particularly the following: Agrotis ypsilon, Feri- 

 droma saucia, Koctua clandestina, Feltia suhgothica, Carneodes messoria, 

 Mamestra subjuncta, Xylophasia devastatrix, and Nephelodes minians. 



The horn fly has spread over the most of the State and is causing 

 more or less annoyance. Spraying infested cattle with kerosene, de- 

 stroying the eggs of the flies by sprinkling quicklime over the drop- 

 pings, and other common remedies are advised. 



The life history of the apple maggot is given in detail, attention being 

 called to the fact that the eggs are laid in the pulp of the apple instead 

 of on the skin and that they are deposited from July until frost, thereby 

 a continuous appearance of adults being provided. Destroying wind- 

 falls, preferably by turning hogs into the orchards, is recommended, 

 and burning the grass during the winter in such orchards as are kept 

 in sod. It is believed also that lime, ashes, salt, or similar substances 

 applied to the ground will have the eflect of destroying the larvae at 

 the time of pupation. 



