FOODS ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 917 



Histological observations on the functional adaptations of the epidermic 

 cells of insects, J. Chatix {Compt. Rend., 120 {1895), No. 4, pp. 213-215). 



Two new species of Lecanium from Brazil, T. D. A. Cockehell (Amer. Nat., 

 2S {1S95), Xo. 2, pp. 174, 175). — L. reliculatum and L. baccharidis are described as new. 



The imported cabbage butterfly, A. N. Caidell {Amer. Hort., 5 {1895), No. 2, 

 pp. 22, 23, figs. 3). — Popular life liistory and remedial notes, dusting with Paris green 

 being recommended. 



The cabbage plusia, A. N. Caudell {Amer. Hort., 5 {1895), No. 2, p. 21, fig. 1).^ 

 A brief popular descriptive note on Plusia brassicce. 



The turnip gall-weevil, S. Heatos {Gard. Chron., 17 {1895), p. 398, fig. 1).—A 

 description of Ceulorhynchus sulcieoUis. Gas lime at the rate of not more than 80 

 cwt. per acre is recommended as a preventive treatment. 



A spring wheat pest, Clausen {Landic. TVochenbl. Schles. Hoist., 45 {1895), No. 11, 

 pp. 162, 163). 



A destructive caterpillar {Ztschr. Jandw. Ver. Hessen, 1895, No. 9, pp. 68,69). — 

 Notes are giveu on a silk-si)iuuiug caterpillar which has caused considerable damage 

 to the leaves of Helhboris uiger. 



Injurious insects and fungi {Jour. {^Britishl Bd. Agr., 1 {1895), No. 3, pp. 300- 

 316). — Ilhistrated descriptions with suggestions for their repression are given for 

 the woolly aphis and goat moth, and notes on horticultural legislation in British 

 Columbia, cabbaue root maggot in America, and wireworms. 



Legislation against injurious insects, J. B. Smith {Ent. News, 6 {1895), No. 4, 

 p. 12,2). — Comments upon Bulletin 33 of the Division of Entomology, U. S. Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture (E. S. R., 6, p. 916). 



The inefficiency of Botrytis tenella in combating ■w^hite grubs {Eev. Scientif., 

 3 {1894), Her. 4, No. 14, p. 441). — The author calls attention to the failure of Botrytis 

 tenella for the repression of white grubs. 



FOODS— ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 



Investigations on papsin digestion, F. Klug {PJHigerh Arch. 

 PIii/sioL, 60, No. 182, pp. 43-70). — The author studied this subject with 

 relerence especially to the effect of the strength of the pepsin solution, 

 the percentage of hydrochloric acid it contains, the duration of diges- 

 tion, and the temperature. Pepsin prepared from the stomach of cattle, 

 swine, and dogs was nsed, and the products of the digestion were 

 investigated. His conclusions are as follows: (1) Of a number of 

 extracts of a stomach lining made consecutively, the first is less pow- 

 erful than the later- ones. The activity of the first extract can be 

 increased by diluting with water acidulated with hydrochloric acid, or 

 by allowing it to stand for 24 hours before using. (2) For studies in 

 artilicial digestion cooked egg albumen is best fitted, but it must be 

 borne in mind that this contains about 0.7 per cent of deutero-albumose. 

 (3) Ammonium sulphate and common salt both retard pepsin digestion, 

 the latter about 0.5 i)er cent. (4) The quantity of the pepsin in the 

 digestive fluid, that is, the strength of the solution, is of marked effect 

 on digestion. A solution containing 0.5 to O.OI per cent of pepsin 

 digests best, and the activity of the solution diminishes as it is stronger 

 or weaker than this. Pepsin from the dog is most active in a 0.01 per 

 cent solution, while that from pigs or cattle works best in a 0.1 per cent 

 solution. (5) Pepsin digests best in the presence of 0.5 to O.G per cent 

 of hydrochloric acid. Hence, a solution containing 0.1 per cent of 



