878 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The mean temperature for the year was 6° C; mean maximnm, 

 10.2'^; mean minimum, 1.6°; humidity, 81; cloudiness, 6.1; and rainfall, 

 486.5 mm.— o. L. FASi^iG. 



Meteorological observations at Porto Rico, 1894 {Rcmmen 

 ohserv. meteorol. verif. Jefatura de Ohras Fublicas Isla FuertoRico, 

 1891). — The summary for the year is as follows: Maximum temperature 

 at tlie surface of the ground, 36° C; maximum temperature in the 

 shade, 33.2°; mean temperature in the shade, 23.1°; minimum temper- 

 ature, 14°; total rainfall, 1,227.7 mm.; maximum rainfall in one day, 

 53 mm.; total evaporation, 2,357.7 mm.; maximum evaporation in one 

 day, 15 m.m.; order of frequency of the wind, E., SE., ISTE., S., NW., 

 K., W., SW. The mean shade temperature for 15 years was 23.9° C; 

 mean rainfall for 20 years, 921.8 mm.; mean evaporation for 20 years, 

 2,501 .5 mm. ; order of frequency of winds during 20 years, E., NE., SE., 



K, S., I^^W., SW., W.— O. L. FASSIG. 



On hail, R. Russell {Loudon: 1893, pp. 224, pis. 2). — This is a valuable compilation 

 of statistics relating to hailstorms and hailstones. The contents of the book are 

 well indicated by the chapter headings: (1) Descriptions of hailstorms and hail- 

 stones; (2) observations of temjierature, clouds, and winds at great altitudes (bal- 

 loon ascents); (3) electricity and hail; (4) theories of hail; (5) certain properties of 

 vapor, water, ice, and conditions of the air which may be connected with the for- 

 mation of hail; (6) summary of characteristics of hailstorms and hailstones; (7) the 

 development of a hailstorm ; (8) conclusions. 



Appendixes: (A) General weather conditions in certain hailstorms, (B) cold pro- 

 duced by radiation from the upper strata of clouds and fog, (C) dust particles and 

 the form of ice crystals, (D) types of hailstorms, (E) notes on recent thunderstorms 

 aud hailstorms, (F) storms of hail and rain produced by mixture of winds. — o. L. 



FASSIG. 



Recent foreign studies of thunderstorms, R. DeC. Ward {Amer. Met. Jour., 11 

 {1895), No. 12, pp. 435-441). — A review of investigations in this line in Switzerland. 



The influence of the snow covering on soil and climate, M. Winter {Landw. 

 Wochenbl. SchJes. Hoist., 45 {1895), No. 7, 2>p. 108, 109). 



Daily vreather maps. — The countries which issued weather maps during 1894, 

 the area covered by each (in parenthesis), and the years of publication are: Austria 

 (Europe), eighteenth year of publication; Algeria (Europe and northern Africa), 

 nineteenth year of publication; Belgium (southern, western, and northern Europe), 

 eighteenth year of publication; France (Europe), thirty-eighth year of publication; 

 Germany — Hamburg (Europe), nineteenth year of publication; Germany — Bavaria 

 (Europe), fourteenth year of publication ; Germany — Saxonj- (Europe), seventeenth 

 year of publication; Great Britain (British Isles and western Europe), twenty- 

 seventh year of publication; India (India and Burma), sixteenth year of publica- 

 tion; Italy (southern Europe), sixteenth year of publication; Japan (Japan), twelfth 

 year of publication; Russia (Europe), twenty-third year of publication; Spain 

 (Spain, France, and northern Italy), second year of publication; United States 

 (United States aud southern Canada), twenty-fourth year of publication; Switzer- 

 land (Europe), fourteenth year of publication. 



ilost of these maps have been received in the library of the Weather Bureau of. 

 this Department. — o. L. fassig. 



Weather record at Newport (Arkansas) Substation for the season of 1894, 

 G. B. Irby {Arkansas Sta. Bui. 31, j). 32). — A daily record of maximum and min imum 

 temperatures and rainfall for 7 months (April to October). 



