940 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



milk containing the larger globules, and in this case there was also 

 less mechanical loss." 



The results of creaming milk of cows in different stages of lactation 

 in cold deep setting and by separator are given. 



Tests of cream separators, H. P. Armsby, W. H. Caldwell, and 

 L. E. Reber {Pennsylvania Sta. Bui. ^7, pp. 23). — Tests are reported of 

 the De Laval Alj^ha Acme, De Laval Alpha Turbine, United States No. 

 3, and Standard Russian separators. In these tests the number of runs 

 with each machine varied from 4 to 10. The completeness of the sepa- 

 ration was determined by weighing and analyzing the milk used aud 

 the products obtained so as to keep a close check upon the results. 

 The results of the tests are fully tabulated, together with results of 

 tests made at Vermont and New York Cornell stations, and the results 

 of estimation of the steam consumption of belt and turbine separators 

 are given. The average completeness of separation was as follows: 



Per cent. 



De Laval Alpha Acme 98. 31 



De Laval Alpha Tiirbiue 99.23 



United States No. 3 98.08 



Standard Russian 97. 10 



"Under the conditions of our tests, the steam was used very wastefally. Our con- 

 ditions, however, were not widely different from those of very many small cream- 

 eries, where a comparatively small and cheap engine is employed for the purposes of 

 the creamery solely. Under such conditions it would appear that simple determi- 

 nations of the horsepower required to drive a separator are of no practical value to 

 the creamery man, since they furnish no measure of the amount of fuel which he will 

 actually have to bum to operate the machines. . . . 



"The comparison of the steam consumption shows that under our conditions the 

 turbine separators were more economical of steam than the belt separators. That is 

 to say, while the turbine uses steam extravagantly, the small engine of the average 

 creamery uses it still more extravagantly, and the introduction of a turbine is likely 

 to result in a saving of fuel. . . . 



"The conclusion would seem to be that in small plants where a separate engine 

 must be used for the creamery work a turbine will give the best economy, but that 

 there is a point in the size of the plant were the economy of the belt machine will 

 come to exceed that of the turbine." 



Tests of dairy apparatus, J. L. Hills ( Vermont Sta. Bpt. 1893, 

 pp. 92-100). — The results are given of tests of a number of different 

 kinds of separators, made in connection with the Vermont Dairy School, 

 and the determination of the power required for running by means of 

 a dynamometer. In most of these trials the cream was ripened and 

 churned to butter. A record is given for the whole process of butter 

 making. The average results with each kind of separator are shown 

 in the following table: 



