METEOROLOGY. 975 



rains. The following is the experience in the past: In 13 years, with 

 the summer pressure above and temperature below normal, the follow 

 ing- winter rain was below the average 9 years, above it but once, and 

 exactly average three times. In 9 years, with summer pressure and 

 temperature the opposite of the above conditions, the winter rain was 

 above the average seven times; below only once, and just average once. 

 In other words, " Summer cool, with high pressure; winter dry. Sum- 

 mer hot, with low pressure; winter wet." 



The question of seasonal or long range weather forecasts has been 

 seriously considered. The importance of reliable forecasts to the farmer 

 is undoubted, but they must be reasonably accurate and based on posi- 

 tive knowledge or they will be treated with contempt. Long range 

 forecasts are possible only after "the accumulation and intelligent 

 discussion of the necessary data and the correlation of weather con- 

 ditions over considerable areas of the earth's surface." 



"India is tlie only country which has attempted anything like a systematic issue 

 of seasonal forecasts. These are mainly based on the amount of snow falling dur- 

 ing the previous winter on the Himalayas, and the general character of the weather 

 in India during the five or six months preceding the setting in of the southwest 

 monsoon; the chief objects of the forecasts being to give some idea of the probable 

 rainfall during the ensuing monsoon." 



A more uniform publication of observations to enable a better study 

 of the records, and also a fuller discussion of these records year by year 

 is urged. There is also great need of normal isobaric and isothermic 

 charts for each month and the year. — h. a. hazen. 



The climate of Cordova, Argentine Republic {An. Ofic. Meteorol. 

 Argentina, vol. IX, Bxienos Ayres^pt. 1, 1893, pp. 678 ; II, 1894, pp. 491y 

 pis. 25). — Of all the South American States, the Argentine Kepublic 

 is the most progressive in the organization of a cliinatological system. 

 The above-named publication of nearly 1,200 large quarto pages in 2 

 parts is devoted, with the exception of a few pages of annual report, 

 entirely to statistics and discussions relating to the climate of one 

 locality. Part 1 contains the records made at Cordova from 1872 to 

 1892, expressed in daily, decade, monthly, and annual means. From 

 January, 1889, to the close of 1892 the hourly values are recorded. 

 Part II contains the discussion of observations recorded in part I and a 

 record of observations for 1893. Some of the most general results 

 relating to temperature of the air, rainfall, and evaporation for the 

 period from 1873 to 1893 are as follows: Temperature (degrees C.) — 

 maximum 41.8, minimum 8.9, average 16.7; rainfall (mm.) — maximum 

 monthly 116.5, minimum monthly 4.1, total 703.1; evaporation (mm.) — 

 exposed evaporimeter 64.8, protected evaporimeter 31.4. — o. L. fassig. 



Magnetical and meteorological observations made at the G-ov- 

 ernment Observatory, Bombay, in the year 1893 [Bombay: 15 

 (1894), ]^o. 15, pp. 12). — This volume is the thirty-second of the series, 

 extending the record from 1845 up to 1893. Magnetical and meteoro- 

 logical observations are taken daily at 6 and 10 a. m. and at 2, 6, and 



