HORTICULTURE. 989 



recommended, supplemented by nitrogen furnislied by green manure 

 ^rops, especially crimson clover. 



The apple scab fungus, liowever, is believed to be the most promi- 

 nent factor in crop failures, and its life historj" and damage are treated 

 of at length and illustrated by a colored plate. Against the scab 

 spraying with Bordeaux mixture is strongly advised, and results of 

 experiments are given showing the benefit to be derived from this 

 method. From 2 to 4 applications of the fungicide, beginning when 

 the blossoms fall, and preferably applied during rainy weather, when 

 the fungus spreads most seriously, are recommended. 



It is believed that injurious insects can generally be held in check by 

 means of spraying with Paris green, which can be advantageously 

 combined with Bordeaux mixture. Letters are published from 5 prom- 

 inent apple growers in the State who have experimented with spraying 

 their trees with Bordeaux mixture, and who unite in urging the imj)or- 

 tance of earl}- and thorough spraying. The illustrations are of imper- 

 fect or diseased fruit and branches and s^jrayed and uiisprayed 

 orchards. 



Russian apples in Indiana, J. Troop [Indiana Sta. Bui. 53, pp. 

 1^3-125). — Descriptive and comparative notes on 10 Russian varieties 

 fruiting in the station orchard in 1894. The apples are considered as 

 best suited for cooking purposes, although some of them make fair 

 dessert fruit. The trees were hardy, thrifty, and healthy. ISTone of the 

 varieties have so far proved to be winter apples, all of them ripening 

 in the summer and fall. It is believed that in colder climates, such as 

 the northern parts of the United States, the varieties will do even 

 better. 



Grapes, F. A. WAuan (OJdalioma Sta. Bui. 14, pp. 14, pi. 1, figs. 6).— 

 This bulletin contains remarks on the location and exposure of the 

 station vineyard, with an account of the methods of planting, pruning, 

 and training employed. The JNIunson system of pruning and training 

 is adopted, and is liked on account of the height at which the vines are 

 trained, thus avoiding injury to the ripening grapes by reflected heat 

 from the ground. The horizontal training of the shoots also offers less 

 surface to the wind. The vineyard has not been troubled by injurious 

 insects or diseases, with the exception of a temporary attack by the 

 spotted grape beetle {PelUlnota punctata), that yielded promptly to 

 spraying with arsenate of lead. Some of the bunches were bagged, 

 which proceeding it is thought improved their ajipearance and kept 

 them in better condition after ripening. 



About 200 species and varieties are grown in the vineyard, of which 

 85 were in bearing last year. Brief descriptive and comparative notes 

 are given for 33 black, 22 white, and 16 red varieties, showing also the 

 weight and yield per vine. The following varieties are recommended 

 for planting: Black — Janesville, Hartford Prolific, Champion, and 

 Early Victor for early varieties; Herbert, Worden, Wilder, Concord, 



