FORESTRY. 993 



Definite annual growth and its relations to hardiness, L. H. Pammel {Trans. 

 Iowa Hort. Soc. 1S93, pp. 104-113, pi. 1). — A discussion of the subject from the staud- 

 poin t of morphological botany, with notes on a number of varieties of apple trees. 



The improvement of our native fruits. B. A. Matthews {Trans. Iowa Hort. Soe. 

 1893, pp. 102, 103). — Brief notes on soine improved Iowa wild fruits, chiefly plums, 

 crab apples, mulberries, juneberries, and gooseberries. 



The relation of soil and climate to low^a horticulture, D. A. Kent (Tcaws. Iowa 

 Hort. Soc. 1S93, pp. 73-76). — A popular paj)er giving an analysis of a sample of Iowa 

 black loam and stating that the fertility of the prairie is due to the fact that the 

 soluble elements in the soil are protected by freezing during the period of the great- 

 est precipitation, when they might otherwise be dissolved and carried off by the 

 rains. 



Horticulture from a climatic standpoint, J. E. Sage {Trans. Iowa Hort. Soc. 

 1S93, pp. 143-147). — The author urges the careful study of the yearly temperature in 

 determining the varieties to be grown, and the importance of furnishing the proper 

 supply of moisture. 



Horticultural lessons from the Columbian Exposition {Trans. Iowa Hort. Soc, 

 1893, pp. 96-102). — General article on the subject, with special reference to the Iowa 

 fruit display. 



The farmer's fruit and vegetable garden, W. S. Fultz {Trans. Iowa Hort. Soc. 

 1893, pp. 177-180). — A general paper giving popular instructions and recommenda- 

 tions. 



Fruit farming in Luxemburg, G. H. Murphy ( U. S. Consular Ept. 1895, Jan., 

 pp. 75-80). 



The commercial preservation of fruits, J. L. Budd {Trans. lorca Hort. Soc. 1893, 

 pp. 270-272). — A discussion of the methods of preserving fruit by means of cold stor- 

 age, drying, and canning. 



Exhibit of fruits and vegetables at the World's Fair, P. Collier {New York 

 State Sta. Ept. 1893, pp. 173-176). — A brief mention of the display sent by the station 

 to Chicago, comprising 40 varieties of strawberries, 2.5 of currants, 167 of gooseber- 

 ries, several of stone iruits, 17 of pears, 97 of apples, 154 of grapes, 433 of various 

 vegetables, and specimens of sprayed and unsprayed branches and fruit. A list is 

 given of the awards granted the station exhibits by the World's Fair Commissioners, 

 and the exhibit made by tlie station at the State fair is summarized. 



Laws of floral colors, E. M. Budd {Trans. lotva Hort. Soc. 1893, pp. 53-56, fig. 1). — 

 A technical discussion of the subject, explaining the presence of special colors on 

 ehemical and physical grounds. 



Hollies and their culture, J. Mehan {Cult, and Country Gent., 1895, Apr. 18, p. 

 f08). 



Rose hybrids, ,J. L. Budd {Trans. Iowa Hort. Soc. 1893, pp. 359-361).— Some brief 

 notes on crossing roses, the hybrid seedlings being more vigorous than pure seed- 

 lings and blooming earlier. 



Grafting the cacti, G. W. Carver {Trans. Iowa Hort. Soc. 1893, pp. 257-259).— 

 Notes on experiments in this line, cleft grafting and tongue grafting being most 

 successful. 



FORESTRY. 



Conifers in the West, C. A. Keffer {Garden and Forest, 8 {1895), p. lS2).—'NotQ3 

 on red cedar, European larch, riniis rcshiosa, arbor vit;e, spruces, and fir trees. 



Rocky Mountain conifers, M. E. Hinkley {Trans. Iowa Hort. Soc. 1893, pp. 94, 

 95). — A brief article treating of the manner in which some of the western evergreen 

 trees were brought into public notice. 



Pour native trees in tlie Northwest, L. C. Corbett {Garden and Forest, 8 (1895), 

 p. 173), — Notes are given on the cottouwood, box elder, green ash, and white elm. 



