44 



growth before autumn frosts arrive. But, under favorable conditions — 

 similar to those which obtained last autumn — the so-called tender varie- 

 ties may complete their growth and pass the winter in safety. * * • 

 Plants seemingly equally hardy may have the vital parts very differ- 

 ently constructed. Ko matter along what line the matter has been 

 worked out by the species, the chief point is to prepare for hard times 

 and, having once made the preparation, keep quiet until the coast is 

 clear for another year of growth. The inherent tendency of one intro- 

 duced variety to start into growth before another, may throw it into the 

 class called tender, while another with the same structure but differ- 

 ently disposed will prove hardy." 



On the whole the differences which distinguish hardy from tender 

 varieties of apple-trees are more likely to be determined by field trials 

 than by studies of cliemical constituents or cell structure, though work 

 in both the chemical and botanical lines may bring very important re- 

 sults. 



Propagation of trees and shrubs from cuttings, John Craig 

 (pp. 133-136). — An account of the jjropagatiou of a number of varieties 

 of forest and ornamental trees and shrubs from cuttings, with a table 

 showing the percent growing and the amount of growth. 



Some suggestions concerning the corn root-worm (Diabro- 

 TiCA LONGicoRNis, SAY), Prof. HERBERT Osborn (pp. IST-llO). — Ro- 

 tation of crops is recommended as a remedy. 



BULLETIN NO. 5, MAY, IrfSQ. 



Sorghum, G. E. Patrick, M. Sc. (pp. 143-160). 



Two facts seem to support the idea that conditions existing in this State favor the 

 development of sucrose in the sorghum plant. They are — 



(1) Sirups made in certain localities in the State have shown themselves very prone 

 to granulate; so much so that sirup-makers work to prevent it. The small amount 

 of sugar thus far made in the State has nearly all been an incidental, perhaps more 

 properly an accidental, product of the sirup industry. 



The amount thus produced in 1887, without special etfort or design and entirely 

 without proper machinery, is placed by the State Secretary of Agriculture at 73,583 

 pounds. 



In some cases a considerable amount, and of merchantable quality, has been made 

 by a single individual. Thus Mr. C. Bozarth, a sirup-maker at Cedar Falls, reports 

 having made in 1880 15,000 pounds, which sold for 8 cents per pound, and in 1881 

 5,000 pounds, which sold for 8^ cents per pound. 



(2) Analyses thus far made of sorghum juices produced in the State show, on the 

 average, a very gratifying percentage of sucrose. 



State aid to this industry is therefore urged. 



Results of experiments with Early Amber and Early Orange cane 

 grown on the Station grounds by the director, and analyzed and re- 

 ported by Professor Patrick, are given in detail. The results of ob- 

 servations on the effects of suckering are also given. These experi- 

 ments will be fully discussed in a forthcoming bulletin of the Division 



