100 



Frosted a/id rusted (cheat (pp. 77-84). — This includes chemical 

 analyses of several sani2:)les of four varieties of "' rusted and frosted "' 

 wheat. It was shown that — 



(1) The physical characteristics of such wheat were abnormal, as 

 well as the percentages of the chemical constituents. 



(2) The " gluten " varied from none to 8.7 per cent in amount, and 

 was of very poor quality. 



(3) As compai'ed with graded wheat, the '" rusted and frosted " 

 wheats contain about 2 per cent more ])rotein, indicating " that they 

 would be good for feeding purposes; '" the percentages of water and 

 carbohydrates were less, and those of ash, oil and fiber were greater 

 than in the graded wheat. 



(4) By comparing analyses of bran Avith those of " rusted and 

 frosted '' wheat, it appeared that rust or frost does not do the milling 

 and leave only the bran. 



Modern feedikg of pigs axd its influexce upon the forma- 

 tion or THE SKULE AND DENTITION, OlAF ScIIWARTZKOPFF, V. D. S. 



(pj). 85-94). — During the past two years it has often been alleged by 

 practical breeders in this country and Euro])e that modern feeding 

 causes an earlier development and consequently an earlier shedding 

 of the teeth of domestic animals. In 1882 Prof. G. T. Brown (see 

 Journal of the Eoyal Agricultural Society) endeavored to shoAv that 

 the breeders were wrong, and that the old rules for determining age 

 by dentition were generally reliable. A few years later the German 

 government was induced by complaints of breeders to institute new 

 experiments on this subject, and Prof. A. M. Nehring, of Berlin, 

 published in the Land ivirtsrhaftt ielie Jahrhilcher for 1888 a series of 

 new dentition tables for pigs, as a result of his studies and investiga- 

 tions uj^on a collection of one hundred and thirty-one skulls of dif- 

 ferent kinds of pigs at the Museum of the Royal xVgricultural School 

 at Berlin. 



Dr. Schwartzkopft' bases his article on the results of Professor I^eh- 

 ring's investigations, combined with his own observations and experi- 

 ence. Diagrams are given showing the influence of feeding and of 

 breeding on the shape of the pig's skull. There are also diagrams, 

 formulas, and a tabular statement of the dentition of the pig, with 

 comments on the develoi)ment of this animal. The conclusions are 

 stated as follows: 



(1) The order of succession of the teeth in our jn-ecocious pigs 

 remains the same as in the primitive hog. 



(2) The times when the teeth appear are variable, according to the 

 race, feeding, and health. The same breeds, raised under the same 

 conditions, will show the same appearance. 



(3) The form of the skull depends upon nutrition, health, and the 

 extent of employment of certain muscles of the head and neck. 



