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TEXAS. 



Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 



nrixirtniciil of At/ricultnral and Mechanical Colleye of Texas. 



Location, College Station. Director, F. A. GuUey, M. S. 



BULLETIN No. 5, MARCH, 1889. 



Creameiues roR Texas, F. A. Oijlley, M. S., and (i. W. Curtis, 

 M, S. A. (pp. 3-24). — In view of the market demand for cheese and 

 the cost of production the manufacture of cheese in Texas does not 

 promise to be profitable and the Station '' can not at present advise 

 the extra cost of a cheese equipment in connection with the butter 

 factor3\''' The advantages of creameries are indicated briefly, and 

 plans of organization and control and different systems of operating 

 creameries are explained and discussed in some detail. The ordinary 

 ways of setting milk or cream are unsatisfactory in the South, where 

 cool springs and wells are rare. " The average temperature of well 

 water in the "\A'estern States during sunnner is not above 50° or 55° 

 F., while the average temperature of well water in this latitude will 

 not fall below (')0° or 65°, and more commonly ai:»proaches 70°." The 

 ground in the South is too warm for creameries in subterranean 

 earth or outdoor cellars, and the use of ice is out of the question. 

 Centrifugal cream separators are recommended on the grounds that 



(1) the increased amount of butter, especially during the fall and 

 winter, is sufficient to add materially to the profit of butter making; 



(2) " the sweet skim milk can be returned immediately to patrons 

 for such use as desired;'' (3) all necessity for cellars, cold water, or 

 ice, excejit for churning and storage, is avoided; (4) there is a saving 

 of labor in cleaning cans; (5) experience in the South has shown 

 the advantage of se]:>arators for creameries and private dairies. 



Detailed plans and specifications, Avith engraved illustrations, are 

 given for a creamery with a capacity of 200 to 250 pounds of butter 

 daily, similar to one that has been in operation since June, 1888, at 

 the Agricultui-al and Mechanical College of Texas, but with such 

 changes as a careful study of creameries in successful operation in 

 other Southern States has shown to be advisable. The cost of such a 

 creamery plant is from $2,500 to $3,000. Exjierience with creameries 

 in the Gulf States has shown the necessity of certain modifications 

 for the construction of such buildings in higher latitudes. 



Some points in hntter making. — Among these are the following: 

 (1) Cows should have an abundance of good food and water. (2) 

 Handle the cows quietly and carefully. (3) " Salt regularly, at least 

 once a week : twi(-e is better, or place lump salt Avhere they can have 

 access to it."' (4) Milk regularly at a definite hour, and do not let 

 the milk stand where it can absorb odors from the stable or barnyard. 

 (5) When the centrifugal is used the best results will be obtained by 

 separating at about 80° to 85° F. When the centrifugal is not used, 

 if there is a cold spring or well water at hand, set the milk in deep 



