180 



THE FLOEAL WORLD AND GAKDEN GUIDE. 



pitchy, and furnished with two strong, 

 horny mandibles, maxillae, palpi, etc. ; the 

 body is composed of twelve segments, the 

 first thoracic one being the longest, the two 

 following the shortest ; to these are at- 

 tached three pairs of small, bristly legs, 

 composed of four joints, terminated by a 

 single claw ; the eight following segments 

 have a spiracle on each ; the apical one is 

 long and conical, with two large spiracles 

 near the base, and a prehensile foot be- 

 neath. The pupa is of a 3'ellowish-Avhite 

 colour, elliptical, the head obtuse, with two 

 little tubercles ; the tail is furnished with 

 two movable and pointed appendages. 



The beetle named by Liana;as Ulater 

 lineatus, is of a dull brown colour, with 

 short ochreous depressed hairs ; the horns 

 are not long, but compressed, rusty, and 

 eleven-jointed, the basal joint being the 

 largest and stoutest, the second and third 

 the smallest and obovate ; the head is 

 ratlier large and bent down, thickly and 

 minutely punctured ; the eyes are later.d, 

 small, black,, and shining ; the thorax is 

 similarly punctured, very convex and sub- 

 orbicular, the front being a little trun- 

 cated, the hinder angles projecting, and 

 forming two trigonate spines oi'an ochreous 

 colour; there is also a faint channel down 

 the centre ; the scutel is depressed, and 

 ratlier circular ; the elytra are more than 

 twice as long as the thorax, and elliptical ; 

 the apex conical ; they are minutely punc- 

 tured with nine punctured striae on each, 

 the alternate spaces ferruginous or cine- 

 reous ; the ample wings are folded beneath 

 them in repose ; the under side of the 

 thorax is furnished with a strong tootli, 

 which is fitted into a groove in the breaSt, 

 and this forms the leaping apparatus ; the 

 female is furnished with a horny ovi- 

 positor ; the six legs are small ; of a rusty 

 brown ; the tarsi, ferruginous ; claws, 

 minute. 



Other insects, whose larvae are inju- 



rious, may be named. They are the 

 crane-fly {Tijyula), which resembles the 

 gnat. It feeds on various substances ; 

 the larvffl are without feet, soft and cylin- 

 drical ; pupa cylindrical, horned ; some 

 species reside amongst the roots of aquatic 

 vegetables, others amongst grass, but by 

 far the greater number are aquatic. The 

 perfect flies are found in abundance in the 

 autumnal months. The T. oleracea, or 

 long legs, feeds on the roots of the cabbage; 

 and the T. crocato and other species in- 

 habit meadows, and are common from 

 spring to autumn. The wheat-fly, twelve 

 of which have been observed at one time 

 laying their eggs in a single ear of wheat, 

 would soon become of serious injury to 

 mankind, were not their race kept within 

 due bounds by several natural enemies, 

 particularly the ichneumon tipultc. The 

 well-known gaffer long-legs, so frequently 

 seen in houses in the autumnal evenings, 

 flying about the flame of the candles, and 

 often perishing in the blaze, is the T. rioosa, 

 one of the largest species of the genus. 

 The eggs of the wheat-fly are very small : 

 when magnified, they, appear roundish ; 

 the larvte, also, and the perfect insect, to 

 be ^:tudied, should be magnified. 



Wire- worms are frequently introduced 

 into gardens with the loam from grass 

 and heathy lauds ; consequently, every 

 little lump of earth ought to be broken 

 before it is put on the flower-borders ; and 

 nothing can be more dangerous than to 

 plant choice carnations and fine pausies 

 in beds surrounded by turf, for in all pro- 

 bability it swarms with wire-worms, which 

 will soon quit their old haunts to partake 

 of moi'e delicate fare. When such is the 

 case, the best plan is to plant daisies, and 

 place slices of potato around, to decoy 

 the wire- worms. Turnips, cabbages, beet- 

 root, parsneps, carrots, apples, and young 

 lettuces may be employed in the same 

 way. 



ON THE PEOPAGATION OF HAEDY SHEUBS FOE 

 FOECING. 



Who that is in possession of a forcing 

 structure of any kind, but will desire to 

 snatch a foretaste of the gratification he 

 experiences as he walks amongst his shrub- 

 beries of Lilac, Syringa, Azalea, and Rho- 

 dodendi'on, etc., on a calm June evening, 

 and inhales their delicious fragrance ? And 



as this may be done long before the period 

 of their natural season, with but a mode- 

 rate amount of forcing, as well as a mode- 

 rate amount of skill, when once the amateur 

 knows how to secure nice, neat little plants, 

 small enough to be admitted into ti.e 

 smallest of glass structures, yet withal. 



