198 TETRANDRIA— MONOGYNIA. Aspemla. 



Asperula. Ger. Em. 1124./. Raii Syn. 224. Mill. Ic. t. 55. f. 2. 



A. n. 728. Hcdl. Hist. v. 1 . 3 19. 



Matrisylva. Trag. Hist. 49Q.f. 



Galium Matrisylva. fi'iggcrs HoUat. 13. 



Hepatica altera. Brunf. Hisi. v. \. 191. v. 2. S2./. 



In dry mountainous woods. 



Perennial. May. 



Root creeping. Stems simple, annual, a span high, angular, smooth, 

 leafy. Leaves 7 — 9 in each whorl, usually 8, bright green, 

 spreading, about an inch long, rough at the edges only. Pani- 

 cles generally 3 together, on longish stalics, forked, not much 

 subdivided. Ft. pure white, with a short tube ; fragrant chiefly 

 at night. Fruit rough with ascending bristles. The herb v.'hile 

 drying has the scent of new hay, approaching to bitter almonds, 

 or Heliotropium peruvianum, of which it retains a portion some 

 time. The edges of the leaves stick to the hands, or clothes, in 

 a manner almost peculiar to the rough plants of this natural or- 

 der, caused by the minute hooked bristles to which that rough- 

 ness is owing. 



2. A. cynanchlca. Small Woodruff. Squinancy-wort. 



Leaves linear, four in a whorl ; the upper ones very un- 

 equal. Flowers all four-cleft. Fruit smooth. 



A. cynanchica. Linn. Sp. PL 151. milcL v. 1.5/9. Fl. Br. 172. 



E7igl. Bot. v.\.t 33. MWem. Stell. 67. 

 A. n. 730. Hall. Hist. v. 1. 320. 

 Rubeola vulgaris quadrifolia lajvis fioribus purpurantibus. Ruli 



Syn. 225. 

 Rubia cynanchica. Baiih. Hist. v. 3. 720./. 

 Galium m.ontanum latifolium cruciatum. Column. Ecphr. v. 1 . 296. 



t.297.f. 1. 

 Synanchica. Dalech. Hist. I IS5. Ger. Em. \ 120. 



On dry chalky sunny banks, abundantly in the chalk counties, but 

 not in Scotland or Wales. 



Perennial. June, July. 



Stems numerous, ascending, from 4 to 6 inches high, copiously 

 clothed with linear smooth leaves, for the most part 4 in a whorl ; 

 but sonie of the uppermost are 2 of them so diminished, as to 

 have been overlooked, even by Linnaeus. Fl. in terminal pa- 

 nicled tufts, sometimes very fragrant. Cor. white or blush-co- 

 loured, elegantly marked with three red lines on each segment. 

 Fruit granulated, as Professor Schrader has remarked to m.e 3 

 though not bristly, as in Columna's figure. 



Physicians do not, in our days, rely on the practice of old Dale- 

 champ, who recommends this plant, outwardly as well as in- 

 wardly, to cure the Squinancy, or Quinsy, Hence however we 

 have retained an obsolete and unmeaning name, for a plant 

 which might easily have had one more expressive. 



