302 PENTANDRIA— MONOGYNIA. Viola. 



Viola. Brunf.Herb.v. I. \37.f. 1,2. Riv.Pentap. Irr. M19./. 1. 



V. martia purpurea. Bauh. Hist. v. 3. 542./. Rail Syyi. 364. 



V. nigra, sive purpurea. Ger. Em. 850./. 



V. purpurea. Matth. Valgr. v. 2. 522./ Camer. Epit. 910./ 



(3. V. martia alba. Rail Syn. 364. 



V. flore albo. Ger. Em. 850./ 



In woods, hedges and pastures, frequent. 



Perennial. March, April. 



Root ratiier woody. Stem none, but the long, trailing, leafy scyons 

 spread very far, throwing out abundance of fibrous radicles. 

 Leaves of a darker green, and more rounded heart-like figure 

 than the preceding, veiny and somewhat wrinkled, but smooth 

 above, though slightly downy underneath. Footstalks nearly 

 smooth. *S^/;j?</(:/s lanceolate, with taper-pointed teeth. Flower- 

 stalks taller than the leaves, with a pair of narrow bracteas above 

 their middle, smooth. Flower drooping, deep pui-plish blue j 

 pale and streaked in the mouth ; with orange-tipped, uncon- 

 nected anthers ; its scent well known, and universally accepta- 

 ble, though sometimes causing headache. Thejiowers in /3 are 

 white, with a blueish spur. A double variety, highly fragrant, 

 is cultivated in gardens. 



Mr. Curtis has observed the later flowers, of this and V. hirta, to 

 be often destitute of petals, which is the case with several foreign 

 species. 



3. V. palustris. Marsh Violet. 



Stem none. 'Leaves kidney-shaped, smooth. Root creeping. 

 Lateral petals with a hairy central line. 



V. palustris. Linn. Sp. PL 1324. TViUd. f. 1 . 1 1 63. Fl. Br. 246. 



Engl.Bot.v.7. t.444. Curt. Lo)id.fasc. S.t.oS. Abbot \90.t.3. 



Hook. Scot. 77. 

 V. n. 560. Hall. Hist. v. 1.241 ; excluding the reference to Boccone 



and Allioni. 

 V. palustris rotundifolia glabra. Moris, v. 2.4/5. sect. 5. t.So.f. 5. 



Raii Si/n.364. 

 /3. V. rubra striata eboracensis. Rail Stjn.S65. 

 V. palustris. Fl. Dan. t. 83. 



In mossy bogs, or on sandy turfy heaths, chiefly, though not ex- 

 clusively, in the northern and mountainous counties. 



Perennial. April. 



Smaller than the last, with creeping roots, but no scyons, and in 

 every part smooth. Leaves delicate, roundish-kidney-shaped, 

 generally pointless ; their marginal notches extremely shallow ; 

 their under sides often purplish. Stipulas radical, ovate, mem- 

 branous, nearly entire. Flower-stalks square, with a pair of 

 lanceolate bracteas about the middle. Fl. drooping, inodorous. 



