128 



THE FLORIST AND POMOLOGIST. 



[June, 



feet, beyond wliich I conceive it would liardly be desirable to extend them in a 

 limited space ; and the amateur would have to depend upon summer pinching 

 and autumn root-pruning to keep the trees within bounds. I must here observe 

 that in all liftings and replantings, the ground should be carefully trenched over 

 a depth of two feet, some of the soil being removed in order to admit of a liberal 

 dressing of fresh maiden soil, particularly about the roots ; also that weakly trees 

 must be encouraged by liberal mulchings of rotten manure. 



As the after management of these trees, both as regards summer and winter 

 pruning, will be nearly identical with that required by trees trained on a different 

 principle, I will now proceed to a consideration of the Espalier and Cordon modes 

 of training which from an economical point of view, are very much to be recom- 

 mended to the amateur cultivator, because the trees may be planted close to the 

 sides of the paths, thereby affording especial facilities for carrying on the neces- 

 sary works of pinching-back, pruning, and training, besides occupying compara- 

 tively little space. 



The most economical method of training both Espaliers and Cordons is that 

 which is called the horizontal mode, that is, the shoots are so trained as to diverge 

 at right angles from a central stem, as represented in the accompanying figures : — 



Espalier Training. 



I believe it is possible in some nurseries to obtain trees which have been twc^ 

 three, or four years trained and prepared, in which case it would be far better 

 for the amateur to buy such, and plant them (in October), because they would 

 have the foundation of good treatment laid, and would the sooner begin to return 

 produce ; but in the event of not being able to obtain such, it is best to commence 

 with maiden trees. Here I must call attention to the remarks formerly made 

 with regard to stocks, as their influence will be precisely the same in both cases. 



