THE GENUS CAREX IN CALIFORNIA 



69 



90. C. bifida Boott. (Fig. 37). Cespitose but stoloniferous, the culms 

 sharply triangular, slender, smooth, 4-8 dm. high, the basal sheaths purplish tinged 

 and filamentose; leaf-blades 1.75-3.5 mm. wide; terminal spike 1.5-3 cm. long, sessile 

 or short-peduncled, staminate or with some perigynia; 

 pistillate spikes 3-5, erect, the upper approximate and 

 sessile, the lower more or less separate and short-peduncled, 

 oblong, 8-18 mm. long, 6-8 mm. wide, with 20-40 at 

 length spreading perigynia; lowest bract exceeding culm, 

 purplish tinged at base, scarcely sheathing; scales ovate, 

 acute or rough mucronate, reddish-brown with lighter 

 center, more or less strongly exceeded by perigynia; 

 perigynia narrowly ovate, flattened triangular, about 10- 

 nerved, 3-4.5 mm. long, green, puncticulate, membranace- 

 ous, sessile, rounded at base, abruptly short beaked, the 

 beak 0.5-1 mm. long, bidentate, the teeth minute, rough 

 and purplish tinged within. 



Type Locality: Salinas Valley, Monterey Co., 

 California (Brewer 574). 



California, mostly in the Coast Ranges from San 

 Luis Obispo and Kern Cos. and north to Jackson Co., 

 Oregon. 



Locs.: Red Mt., Humboldt Co., Bolander 6476; Salinas 

 Valley, Monterey Co., Brewer 574; Tiburon, E. L. Greene; Tassajara 

 Hot Spgs., Monterey Co., Elmer 3136; Santa Clara Co., Smith 17; 

 Los Guilucos Valley, Sonoma Co., Bioletti; Spring Valley, San Mateo 

 Co., Congdon; Alameda Co., Geo. B. Grant 2506; Santa Lucia Peak, 

 Jepson 4739; Los Gatos, Santa Clara Co., Heller 8570; Loma Prieta, 

 Santa Clara Co., Elmer 4624, 4997; Pacheco Pass, Bolander 4837; 

 Tassajara, Monterey Co., Dudley; Woodside, San Mateo Co., Dudley, 

 Dutton, Abrams 2425; Madrone, Santa Clara Co., Dudley; Coyote 

 Creek, Santa Clara Co., Dudley 4146; Kings Mt., San Mateo Co., 

 Dudley; Bisses Sta., Kern Co., Dudley 405a, 439; Mud Flat, Glenn Co., 

 Heller 12349; Crystal Springs Lake, San Mateo Co., Baker 811; San 

 Luis Obispo, Jones 3235; Tehachapi, Kern Co., E. L. Greene; Mt. 

 Tamalpais, Piper 6430. 



Refs.: Carex bifida Boott, ex Olney, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 

 394 (1868); W. Boott in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 238 (1880); Kiik., in 

 Engler, Pflzr. 42 o : 666 (1909). C. serratodens W. Boott in S. Wats. 

 Bot. Cal. 2: 245 (1880), tvpe from California; Kiik. I. c. C. oequa 

 C. B. Clarke, Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. add. ser. 8: 86 (1908), type from 

 San Mateo Co., California, Baker 811. 



The description of Carex serratodens given by Kiikenthal in 

 the Pflanzenreich (4 2 ": 666 [1909]) is partly based on the present 

 species, and partly on specimens of C. Lemmoni W. Boott from the 



Sierra Nevada. I do not find that the distinctions he makes between it and C. bifida hold at all in 

 the series of specimens I have seen. 



91. C. Buxbaumii Wahl. Densely cespitose, but with long stolons; culms 

 2-9 dm. high, sharply angled, rough above, slender but stiff, strongly reddish-purple 

 and filamentose at base; leaf-blades 2-4 mm. wide, glaucous-green, long pointed; 

 spikes erect, usually 3 or 4, 8-40 mm. long, 8 mm. wide, sessile or short-peduncled, 

 with many perigynia; scales awned, dark purplish tinged, exceeding the perigynia; 

 perigynia 3-4 mm. long, suberect, glaucous-green, obovoid, triangular, scarcely in- 

 flated, lightly many-nerved, densely papillose, short stipitate, the apex minutely 

 bidentate. 



Type Locality: Sweden and Lapland. 



Bogs, Greenland to Alaska, south to Georgia, Arkansas, Colorado and Cali- 

 fornia; also Eurasia. In California it is known only from an old collection by Bolander. 



Fig. 37. Carex bifida 

 Boott. 



a, inflorescence, X 1 ; 6, 



scale, X 7; c perigvnium, 



X7. 



