THE GENUS CAREX IN CALIFORNIA 



51 



XV. Firmiculmes Kiik. Culms wiry, triangular, aphyllopodic, the leaf-blades 

 often rudimentary at flowering time. Spike one, androgynous, the staminate 

 part in age short-peduncled, the pistillate loosely few-flowered. Bracts absent. 

 Scales more or less chartaceous. Perigynia 1 to several, obtusely triangular, 

 smooth, 2-keeled, but otherwise nerveless, tapering at the base, very minutely 

 beaked, the orifice truncate. Achenes triangular with nearly flat sides, closely 

 enveloped by the perigynia, apiculate-tipped, constricted at base. Style slender, 

 slightly enlarged upward, jointed with achene, early deciduous. Stigmas 3, 

 elongated. 



60. C. multicaulis Bailey. (Fig. 23). Rootstocks lignescent; culms 2-4 dm. 

 high, deep green, smooth, obtusely triangular; leaves with well developed blades 

 1-2 to a culm, the blades 1.5 mm. wide, very rough above, flat or somewhat involute; 

 inflorescence consisting of a terminal staminate 

 part and of 2 to several perigynia, in the axils 

 of long (the lower) or short (the upper) awned 

 scales, these enlarged and white hyaline at base; 

 terminal staminate part, 7-25 mm. long, 1.5-2 

 mm. wide, with very obtuse broadly white hya- 

 line margined scales; perigynia oblong-obovoid, 

 5-7 mm. long, the sides 2.5 mm. wide, pale 

 green, finely and obscurely nerved, tapering to 

 the stipitate base, abruptly beaked, the beak 

 minute, entire or nearly so, minutely denticulate. 



Type Locality: Yosemite Valley, Cali- 

 fornia (Torrey 544). 



Dry soil from southern Oregon through 

 northern and middle California and along the 

 Sierra Nevada to southern California. 



Locs.: San Bernardino Co., Parish 1057, 2473, 

 3269, 3704, 5030; Cuyamaoa, Brandegee; Mt. Wilson, 

 Geo. B. Grant 138, Geo. B. Grant & Wheeler 6223; Monterey 

 Co., Davy 7657, Elmer 3135; Mariposa Co., Congdon; 

 Yosemite Valley, Torrey 544, Abrams 4466, Brewer 1635, 

 Dudley, Bioletti; Napa Co., Tracy 1616; Ukiah, Bolander 

 3906; Rattlesnake Mt., Davy 5324; Siskiyou Co., Butler 

 853, 856; Sissons, H. E. Brown 368; Rush Creek, Trinity 

 Co., Yates 533; Van Duzen, Trinity Co., Tracy 2792; 

 Sierra Valley, Lemmon; Sequoia Grove, Tulare Co., Dud- 

 ley 642; Stirling, Butte Co., Heller 10794; Strawberry 

 Creek, El Dorado Co., Brainerd; Castella, Shasta Co., 

 Piper 6429, 6468, 6467; Mt. Shasta, H. E. Brown 319 (in 

 part), Copeland 3780; North Fork, Griffiths 4554; Emigrant 



Gap, M. E. Jones 3286; Laguna, Schoenefeldt 3605; Susanville, M. E. Jones; Quiney, R. M. Austin 

 1004; Dunlap, Griffiths 4679; Sierra Nevada, Lemmon; Big Trees, Calaveras Co., Brewer 2306; Red 

 Mt., Mendocino Co., Bolander 6478 (in part); Big Tree Canon, Tulare Co., Coville & Funston 1366; 

 Yuba Co., Wood 759; Clinton, Amador Co., Hansen 1445; Southern California, Parry & Lemmon 

 395; Sierra Nevada foothills, Bigelow; Mt. Lowe, McClatchie; Los Angeles Co., Abrams 1885; San 

 Antonio Mts., Johnston 1738, 1426, 27g ; Upton, Siskiyou Co., Jepson 52a; Mariposa Big Trees, Dudley; 

 Eight Mile, Yosemite to Wawona, Jepson 4293. 



Refs.: Carex multicaulis Bailey, Bot. Gaz. 9: 118 (1884); Parish, Bull. S. Cal. Acad. 4: 

 114 (1880); Kiik. in Engler, Pflzr. 420 : 93 (1909). "C. Geyeri Boott" Boott 111. Car. 1: 42 pi. 105 

 (1858), in part; W. Boott in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 229 (1880). " n ~- — «*««»■*«<*•" Mpv« Dewev 

 in Bot. Mex. Bound. 231 (1858). 



Fig. 23. Carex multicaulis Bailey. 



a, inflorescence, X 1; b, scale, X 4; 



c, perigynium, X 4. 



'Carex phyllostachys Meyer" Dewey 



61. C. Geyeri Boott. Rootstocks thick, lignescent, elongated; culms up to 

 3.5 dm. high, sharply triangular, very rough on the margins; leaves with well- 

 developed blades usually 2 to a culm, the blades erect, thick, flat, 2-3.5 mm. wide, 

 very rough on the margins, developing after flowering; inflorescence of a terminal 



