24 THE GENUS CAREX IN CALIFORNIA 



6. C. Douglasii Boott. Rootstocks slender but tough, brownish, the culms 

 6-30 cm. high, smooth, obtusely triangular, light brownish at base; leaf-blades 1- 

 2.5 mm. wide, flat or channeled at base; heads dioecious or nearly so; staminate spikes 

 linear-elliptic, 8-15 mm. long, 2.5-4 mm wide, the scales straw-colored or brownish, 

 pointed; pistillate spikes wider, the scales ovate to lanceolate, concealing the perigy- 

 nia, yellowish-brown, with broad hyaline margins and lighter center; perigynia 

 lanceolate, strongly nerved, 4 mm. long, 1.75 mm. wide, light brownish, lightly 

 nerved ventrally, strongly nerved dorsally, rounded and short stipitate at base, 

 tapering into the strongly serrulate beak nearly 2 mm. long, its apex hyaline, ob- 

 liquely cut dorsally, in age bidentate; styles elongate. 



Type Locality: "N. W. Coast, Douglas." 



Dry or alkaline soil from Manitoba to New Mexico westward to California 

 and British Columbia. In California it is found only along or east of the Sierra 

 Nevada, except for occurring locally in the southern mountains. 



Locs.: Lake Tahoe, Geo. B. Grant; Tuolumne Soda Spgs., Congdon; Yosemite, Bolander 

 6199, Bioletti; Mono Valley, Brewer 1813; Palmers, Mariposa Co., Congdon; Donner Lake, Davy 3233B; 

 Honey Lake Valley, Davy 3289; Echo, El Dorado Co., Brainerd 154; Truckee, Dudley, Hitchcock 301; 

 Jess Valley to Blue Lake, Griffiths & Hunter 459; Mt. Pinos, Ventura Co., Hall 6554; Pifion Mts., 

 Parish; North Fork Crooked Creek, White Mts., Jepson 7271. 



Refs.: Carex Douglasii Boott, Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2: 213, pi. 214 (1840); W. Boott in S. 

 Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 231 (1880); Parish, Bull. S. Cal. Acad. 5: 23 (1906); Kiik. in Engler, Pflzr. 420 : 122 

 (1909). C. Nuttallii Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. (1) 43: 92, pi. 2. f. 97 (1842), type from Rocky Mountains. 

 C. Douglasii Boott var. densi-spicata Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. (2) 32: 41 (1861), type from Jackson's 

 Hole on Snake River. C. Douglasii Boott var. minor Olney, Bot. King 5: 363 (1871), type from 

 Nebraska. C. Fendleriana Boeck. Linntea 39: 135 (1875), type from New Mexico. C. Douglasii Boott 

 var. laxiflora Bailey, Mem. Torr. Club 1: 20 (lSSg 1 !, type from Utica, Montana. C. irrasa Bailey, 

 Bot. Gaz. 25: 271, (1898), type from Utica, Montana. C. Meckii Dewey, Am. Jour. Sci. (2) 24: 48 

 (1857), type from White River, Nebraska. 



7. C. simulata Mackenzie. Rootstocks slender, long-creeping, the culms 

 3-5 dm. high, roughened on the angles above, much exceeding the leaves; leaf- 

 blades 2-4 mm. wide, flat; head linear-oblong or oblong-ovoid, 12-25 mm. long, 6-10 

 mm. wide, the 5-15 spikes densely aggregated, pistillate, staminate or androgynous; 

 bracts shorter than head; scales concealing the perigynia, cuspidate, brown with 

 hyaline margins; perigynia ascending, broadly ovate, 1.8-2.25 mm. long, 1.5 mm. 

 wide, round-truncate at base and little spongy, not margined, nerveless ventrally, 

 serrulate above, abruptly beaked, the beak 0.25 mm. long, obliquely cut dorsally, at 

 length bidentulate. 



Type Locality: Chug Creek, Albany Co., Wyoming (A. Nelson 7316). 



Wet soil from Montana to New Mexico westward to California and Washing- 

 ton. In California it is found along or east of the Sierra Nevada from Fresno Co. 

 northward. 



Locs.: Sonora Trail, Brewer 1865; Echo and Mrs. Watson's, El Dorado Co., Brainerd; Rowan 

 Meadow, Fresno Co., Dudley; Sierraville, Dudley; Soda Spgs., Nevada Co., M. E. Jones; Jess Valley 

 to Blue Lake, Griffiths & Hunter 425; Modoc Co., Manning 952 (in part); Sisson, Dudley; Kings River 

 Canon, Dudley 3193. 



Refs.: Carex simulata Mackenzie, Bull. Torr. Club 34: 604 (190S). "C. Gayana Desv." 

 Boott, 111. Car. 3: 126, pi. 411 (1862); W. Boott in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 231 (1880); Kiik. in Engler, 

 Pflzr. 420 : 122 (1909) in part. 



