THE GENUS CAREX IN CALIFORNIA 



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XXI. Panice.e Tuckerm. Stoloniferous. Culms central, slender, leafy toward the 

 base. Basal sheaths brownish or purplish tinged. Terminal spike staminate, 

 linear or linear-oblong. Lateral spikes 1-5, pistillate, loosely to rather closely 

 several to many-flowered, in few or several ranks, on erect, exserted or included 

 peduncles. Bracts sheathing, not colored or dark-auricled, the blades developed. 

 Scales purplish- or reddish-brown tinged. Peri- 

 gynia ascending or spreading, ovoid or obovoid, 

 membranaceous, obtusely triangular, slightly 

 inflated, glabrous, puncticulate, light or olive 

 green, pointed or beaked, the orifice entire or 

 nearly so. Achenes triangular, apiculate. Style 

 slender, jointed with achene and at length 

 deciduous. Stigmas 3. 



74. C. livida Willd. Rootstocks very slender, 

 elongated; culms 1.5-5 dm. high, smooth, light brown- 

 ish at base, phyllopodic; leaf-blades more or less glau- 

 cous, involute, 2 mm. wide or less; staminate spike 

 short-peduncled, 1.5-2.5 cm. long; pistillate spikes 1 

 or 2, approximate, erect, sessile or short-peduncled, 

 1-2 cm. long, 15 mm. wide, closely 5-15-flowered; 

 bracts often exceeding culm, the sheaths short; scales 

 ovate, chestnut or copper color with more or less 

 hyaline margins; perigynia 3.75 mm. long, 1.75 mm. 

 wide, the body ellipsoid, obscurely triangular in 

 cross-section, glaucous, faintly nerved, narrowed 

 above, tapering at base, pointed but beakless at apex, 

 exceeding the scales. 



Type Locality: In paludibus ad fontes syl- 

 vestres Lapponiae Enontekensis. 



Sphagnum bogs, Labrador to Alaska, south to 

 New Jersey, Michigan and northern California, where 

 known only from an old collection by Bolander. 



hoc: Mendocino, Bolander 4745. 



Refs.: Carex livida Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 285 (1805); W. 

 Boott in S. Wats. Bot. Cal. 2: 244 (1880); Kiik., in Engler, 

 Pflzr. 420; 510 (1909). C. limosa L. var. livida Wahl. Vet. 

 Akad. Handl. Stockholm 24: 162 (1803). C. Grayana Dewey, 

 Am. Jour. Sci. 25: 141(1834), type from Utica, New York, Gray. 



75. C. calif ornica Bailey. (Fig. 29). Root- 

 stocks stout, elongated; culms 2-4.5 dm. high, smooth, 

 reddish-purple at base, strongly aphyllopodic, sharply 

 triangular; culm-leaves 2-4, the blades 1.5-5 mm. 

 wide, flat with revolute margins; staminate spike 

 strongly peduncled, 1.5-3.5 cm. long; pistillate spikes 

 2-4, strongly separate, erect, the upper short exsert- 

 peduncled, the lower often nearly basal, and long 

 exsert-peduncled, linear-oblong, 1-3 cm. long, 3.5 

 mm. wide, with 7-20 appressed perigynia; bracts 

 leaf -like, strongly exceeding spikes; scales ovate, 

 purplish-brown with lighter midvein; perigynia 3.5-4 

 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, the body ovoid, suborbicular 

 in cross-section, green, several-nerved, rounded at 

 base, abruptly beaked, the beak 0.75 mm. long with 

 oblique orifice. 



Fig. 29. Carex californica 

 Bailey. 



a, inflorescence, X 1; 6. scale, 

 X 8; c, perigynium, X 8. 



