708 



The Weekly Florists' Review. 



September 24, 



much in value. Considering the skill 

 of the grower and the quality of the 

 crip produced, as well as the market in 

 which the flowers are to be sold, is the 

 only true way of getting at the value, 

 For instance: Prosperity. Knehantress, 

 Lawson, Roosevelt and other ! 

 nil.-, as produced by the best growers 

 and sold upon the New York market. 

 might bring two to three times thi price 

 that the ordinary grower wool. I 

 Eor the same varieties if he was obliged 

 to sell them in some of the markets 

 where the purchasers of flowers feel thai 

 mnot pay beyond a certain lim- 

 ited price for carnations." 



Seasonable Hints. 



The very changeable weather we are 

 having this month will no doubt leave 

 its mark in rose houses, in the shape 

 of mildew and black spot, and the great- 

 est care should be exercised to avoid the 

 conditions favorable to the germination 

 and spread of these fungi. With this end 

 in view we must be extra careful in the 

 use of water, so that the foliage will be 

 dry lii-fiirc nightfall, giving ample ven- 

 tilation on all favorable occasions, more 

 particularly during the night, while firing 

 is practiced. 



Even when not absolutely necessary to 

 have fire to keep the temperature up to 

 the normal, it is essential to have heat to 

 keep the air in circulation, so that it re- 

 main in a sweet and healthy state until 

 sunrise. 



Shutting down the ventilators to keep 

 up the temperature to save a few barrow- 

 loads of coal results in the moisture in 

 the house becoming condensed, which will 

 show in the morning in the form of dew 

 drops on the foliage. If this is per- 

 mitted to occur frequently it will so af- 

 fect the leaves that they will become 

 susceptible to nearly all the ills the rose 

 is heir to and induce the very condi- 

 tions we are trying to avoid. 



To keep spider in check we frequently 

 require more water than is actually 



so often to such matters, and if they were 

 not of the utmost importance to young 

 growers I would gladly skip them, as 

 i1n\ seem so much like repetitions. But 

 even some of the more experienced grow- 

 ers are the better of such reminders, not 

 that they are likely to get into trouble 

 through lack of knowledge; procrastina- 

 tion is, however, equally fatal. 



We may see a few specks of mildew or 

 a few black spots in the morning, and in- 

 stead of attending to it at once it is left 

 till some more convenient time, entirely 

 forgetting how- rapidly it makes headway 

 at this season, so that when we do find 

 time to attend to it we are astonished 

 to find that instead of a simple matter it 

 has assumed such serious proportions 

 that we are likely to have a hard fight to 

 come out ahead. 



By keeping a careful watch for the 

 first symptoms of trouble and attending 

 to it at once we may escape much of the 

 worry, labor and loss attending an attack 

 of either of these pests. Kibes. 



GREENHOUSES BUT NO CHIMNEY 



The accompanying illustration is from 

 a photograph taken by O. A. C. Oehm- 

 ler at Gregson, Mont. Is there another 

 greenhouse plant anywhere in the coun- 

 try which hasn't a smokestack? The 

 Butte Floral Co. has neither smokestack 

 nor boiler, the heating medium being 

 water from springs naturally hot. They 

 need a little heat at night all the year 

 around, and the hot springs give them 

 all they need all the time. In fact they 

 sometimes have trouble in keeping the 

 control. Last winter they nearly cooked 

 the stock when it was 40 degrees below- 

 zero outside. The greenhouses of the 

 State Nursery Company at Helena, 

 Mont., are also heated by water from 

 hot springs, but the water is not hot 

 enough in cold weather, so they have to 

 use boilers also. 



A LEAF MINER. 

 I am sending you some chrysanthe- 

 mum leaves and you will see that there 

 is a maggot between the tissues that soon 



Establishment of the Butte Floral Co., Gregson, Mont. 



necessary to sustain the plant in health, 

 and if this extra supply is not evaporated 

 either by sun or fire heat before night it 

 will bring about conditions f.iv. 

 black spot. The fight to keep down spider 

 and keep the houses from getting so wet 

 as to favor black spot will keep us busy 

 for a week or two. 

 It seems almost unnecessary to revert 



ruins the entire leaf. They are very nu- 

 merous, especially on Glory of Pacific, 

 Fee du Champsaur and Helen Bloodgood. 

 I have used kerosene emulsion but with- 

 out effect. What is the remedy? 



S. M. H. 



This maggot is caused by a fly and is 

 very similar, if not the same insect that 



works in the same way among celery 

 leaves. Its scientific name, I believe, is 

 Tephrrtis. It may also be found on the 

 common burdock, and I have also seen 

 cinerarias considerably damaged by its 

 agency. There may be different varie- 

 ties, but the insects are undoubtedly of 

 the same species. 



As to the question of a cure, the only 

 remedy I can see is to remove entirely, 

 and burn, all the leaves that can be 

 spared and then either squeeze the mag- 

 gots between the thumb and finger or 

 pick them out with the point of a knife 

 on the remaining foliage. This is a 

 tedious job, but I know of nothing that 

 can be applied strong enough to kill 

 the maggot without killing the foliage. 

 S. M. H. says he has already used kero- 

 sene without effect, as may be expected, 

 because the maggot is protected by the 

 skin that it leaves while eating away the 

 interior of the leaf. Poisons are useless 

 unless the leaf be first punctured, which 

 would be an impossible task. If I were 

 S. M. H. I would not worry too much 

 over the matter. With colder weather 

 coming the operations of most insects 

 largely cease and I think it will be so in 

 this case. While I have often seen odd 

 leaves injured, as were the ones sent, I 

 have never seen them in sufficient quan- 

 tity to affect the sale of the crop. 



Brian Boru. 



GARDENING tNDCR 



GLASS 



The English vegetable forcers are con- 

 tending with a new cucumber scab which 

 it is feared will prove a very harmful 

 scourge. It seems that the mycelium 

 thoroughly permeates the fruit and the 

 spread is marvelously rapid. Immediate 

 burning of the fruit is advised where the 

 infection is detected. 



FORCING TOMATOES. 



Where a continuous supply of toma- 

 toes has to be kept up, plants must al- 

 ready be under way, so that the fruits 

 will be ready for use when the outdoor 

 supply has given out. Successional sow- 

 ings should be made as the supply de- 

 mands. Although the length of time that 

 the plants will continue to bear may be 

 extended by allowing them to keep on 

 growing and setting fruit, it is better 

 To stop them after six or eight trusses 

 )f fruit have been set on each stem, and 

 jeep all after-growths pinched off as 

 hey appear. This gives larger and bet- 

 ter fruit and induces them to ripen up 

 in a shorter space of time, so that they 

 ;an be got out of the way and re- 

 placed by fresh plants. 



The plants may be set eighteen inches 

 ipart and trained to a single stem, or 

 four and a half feet apart and three 

 rtems taken from each. Of the two sys- 

 tems of training we prefer the three 

 items, as it induces the setting of fruit 

 nearer the bottom of the plants. The 

 side shoots prevent the center shoot from 

 growing too gross, inducing it to flower 

 before it has attained any great length, 

 whereas in the single-stem system, if 

 the plants are growing vigorously, two 

 and sometimes three feet are often lost 

 at the bottom of the plants before any 

 fruit can be set. Fruit can usually be 

 »et on the side shoots from where thev 

 take the upright turn, thus giving fruit 

 from top to bottom. 



Numerous varieties of forcing to- 



