THE FLORAL WORLD AND GARDEN GUIDE. 247 



varieties differ in a remarkable manner from the species out of which they 

 have originated, and varieties with dwarf, pendulous, and shrubby habits, 

 and with variously-tinted foliage, enter largely into the list of conifers 

 suited for garden decoration. The variegated cedars, pines, junipers, 

 larches, spruces, are, as enumerated and described by Mr. Gordon, most 

 abundant, and, in the generabty of cases, possess most attractive features, 

 so that in the Pinetuni there need be no lack of diverse colours. The 

 variegated Araucarias, Biotas, and Piceas, are among the most beautiful 

 of fine foliaged trees ; and for the embellishment of rock-work, lawns, and 

 wilderness borders, there is a large variety of sports in all the hardy 

 genera, from Cedrus Deodara, to the pretty creeping junipers. For grace 

 and beauty, as garden ornaments, what can surpass the variegated Yew, 

 the Cryptomeria japonica, the common and rarer species of Larch, Pinus 

 Devoniana, with its grass-green leaves, nine inches long ; the Silver Spruce, 

 the striking Cupressus Fortuni, C. Attenuata, and C. Funebris ; the elegant 

 Thujopsis, and the common Chinese and American Arbor vitas 1 Cupres- 

 sus macrocarpa is one of the finest cypresses yet introduced, its vivid green 

 being scarcely equalled, even by Thuja piicata, or T. compacta, which are 

 among the most valuable of garden conifers. Among the pines specially 

 distinguished for grace and beauty, we have Devoniana, Macrophylla, with 

 ample foliage ; Eusselliana, with fine dark-green leaves ; Endlicheriana 

 longifolia, and Escandoniana, both of exquisite proportions ; Hoseriana, 

 with its regular branches spreading out straight, and then turning up at the 

 ends in a most striking manner ; Magnifica, with its palm-like plumes of 

 splendid foliage ; Michoacaensis, with its long leaves, and huge handsome 

 cones ; Nesselrodiana, with long leaves, in tufts and bundles ; and, t;o 

 conclude the list, because we cannot enumerate all that deserve it, 

 Ocampii, prasina, protuberans, Regeliana, leafed to the ground ; Thibau- 

 diana, and Endlicherianus, remarkable for its ample foliage. Returning 

 to dwarfer kinds, we would note, as specially adapted to purposes of gar- 

 den decoration, Juniperus hemisphserica, drupacea, the best of them all ; 

 nana, the most dwarf, growing only a foot high; rigida, Japonica, excelsa 

 variegata, prostrata, and Sabina, the common Savin, of which there is a 

 pretty variegated variety. 



That we cannot treat of the uses of the Conifers in the arts, and in 

 domestic life, is because the catalogue of their utilities would require too 

 much space, and we have already exceeded our proper limits. The Deo- 

 dara cedar produces the finest timber in the world, and is almost imperish- 

 able. Pinus sylvestris gives us yellow deal ; Abies excelsa, white deal ; 

 and Pinus strobus, white American deal. The Bermuda juniper provides us 

 with wood for black-lead pencils. Liquid balsam, resin, turpentine, tar, 

 pitch, and lamp-black, are products of pine secretions. The Norway 

 spruce produces the yellow resin used in the manufacture of soap. Spruce 

 beer has a fame beyond the country of its manufacture Olibanum, and 

 sandarac, are from the Junipers, which also yield from their berries the 

 flavour of the least reputable, though most popular of stimulants. Pinus 

 rigida is the " pitch pine " of the Americans — the resinous smoke, and 

 bright flames from its burning knots, gleam romantically over many a page 

 of prairie romance, and many a stirring narrative of sport and woodcraft. 

 The candle-wood of the Mexicans is P. Teocote, and P. longifolia furnishes 

 the chips called " chamsing," which are used as night lights in India, and 



