198 THE FLORAL WORLD AND GARDEN GUIDE. 



or expense of that mode of culture. The last sowing should he made 

 in a dry position ; and if the garden is in a low situation, raise the 

 bed a few inches above the surface with the soil taken from the 

 paths ; and in very severe weather a layer of newly-gathered leaves 

 or long litter will prevent the frost penetrating the ground, and thus 

 enable the carrots to be taken up without the least difficulty in the 

 most severe weather. 



Celery. — The planting of the main crop of celery must be com- 

 pleted as early in the month as possible. In taking it up, preserve 

 the roots ; and after it is planted, well water it in, and screen from 

 the sun during the first few days after it is put out. It can be easily 

 shaded by a few branches of evergreens over the trenches ; or, if 

 more convenient, mats or strips of canvas may be employed. Celery 

 will, of course, do without shade when newly planted ; but a light 

 shade as here recommended will be of immense assistance in enabling 

 the plants to become established quickly. 



Ifor the assistance of those who have to purchase plants it is 

 desirable to add that Williams'g Mcubehless Reel and Incomparable 

 Dioarf'Whiic are excellent kinds. 



Pakslet. — To ensure a supply of this useful herb throughout 

 the autumn and winter it will be necessary to sow in the first or 

 second week in August. If, however, no seed has been sown since 

 March or April, a moderate quantity should be sown in the first 

 or second week in July. Fill the trench with water previous to 

 sowing the seed, and thin out liberally before the plants attain a 

 large size. 



Spinach. — "Where this vegetable is in request a breadth must be 

 sown once a fortnight, because at this season of the year it so scon 

 runs to seed. It is a good plan in gathering spinach, when young, 

 to thin the plants and use the thinning?, instead of gathering the 

 largest leaves from the whole row. A rich soil is necessary to pro- 

 duce good crops at this season of the year. 



Tuenips are extremely useful for following the early crops of 

 potatoes, peas, cauliflowers, and other vegetables ; but they are not 

 so profitable perhaps in very small gardens as many other things. 

 To obtain large, juicy bulbs, a quick growth is essential, and the 

 best means of securing that important condition is by sowing in 

 moderately-rich soil. Quarters from which potatoes have been taken 

 may be sown down without being dug over, as the drills can be made 

 in the centre of the space occupied by each row of potatoes ; but, of 

 course, it is preferable to turn it up. G-uano is one of the very best 

 manures for turnips, and a dressing at the rate specified above should 

 be applied, unless the ground was enriched with manure when 

 prepared for the previous crop. Immediately the young plants begin 

 to peep through the soil keep a sharp look out for " lly," and if any 

 of the plants are destroyed, dust at once with soot, applying it when 

 ' the leaves are moist from the dew. Very frequently turnip crops are 

 totally destroyed by the "fly" taking the plants as fast as they 

 appear above ground ; and as no plants are seen, complaints are made 

 of the seed being bad, as it is thought that it has not germinated. 

 Soot acts as a fertiliser as well as an insecticide, therefore it may be 



