THE FLORAL WORLD AND GARDEN GUIDE. 371 



face until the following spring in the roughest state possible, is equal 

 to a dressing of manure would be overstating the case, but it may 

 be said that the produce of the garden may be materially augmented 

 by trenching a part every season. It is not necessary to trench the 

 ground every year, even were it practicable to do so, but it should 

 be turned over every second or third year, and to make the 

 work as little felt as possible, a portion should be done every 

 season. Supposing the work of trenching the ground is spread 

 over three years, divide the garden into three imaginary divi- 

 sions, and trench No. 1 this winter, No. 2 in the winter of 72, and 

 No. 3 in the winter of 73, and in the following winter commence 

 with No. ] , and proceed as before. It is not desirable to bring 

 subsoils utterly unfit for the growth of plants, such as tenacious 

 clay or gravel, to the surface, and the depth to which the ground 

 must be turned up must be regulated by the depth of good soil. In 

 trenching shallow soils it is a very good plan to trench the soil to a 

 depth of fifteen or twenty inches, and then simply break up the 

 subsoil with a fork without bringing it to the surface. Jn dressing 

 the quarters with manure at this, or any other season of the year, 

 the manure should be regularly mixed with the soil throughout its 

 entire depth, and not thrown into the bottom of the trench as is so 

 frequently done. 



All vacant quarters should, as a matter of course, be turned up 

 at once, and those only partly occupied examined, and the remaining 

 crops, if practicable, taken up and planted in one corner, and the 

 vacant space dug or otherwise prepared for the next crop. Turnips 

 of sufficient size for table may be taken up and put in clumps, in the 

 same mauner as potatoes. They will then be safe from frost and 

 leave the ground at liberty, without suffering any deterioration in 

 quality whatever. The potato clamps should &.lso be examined 

 to see whether the potatoes are sufficiently protected in case of 

 severe frost. Last winter a very considerable quantity was rendered 

 unfit for use through being exposed to the effects of frost. The soil 

 should not be less than fifteen inches in thickness, but an additional 

 three or six inches will be preferable. The stores of roots should 

 shortly undergo a thorough examination, and any roots that are 

 decayed in any way removed from those which are perfectly sound. 



THE GARDEN GUIDE FOE DECEMBER. 



Eloweii Gakden. — All ground work should be pushed on as 

 fast as circumstances will permit, to enable it to get thoroughly 

 settled before spring. This is a very good time to form fresh lawns, 

 and lay down turf. Work of this kind is frequently left until spring, 

 and generally entails an immeuse amount of labour in watering, to 

 keep the grass alive ; whereas, if laid down at this season of the 

 year, it would be thoroughly established before the weather is hot 

 enough to affect it. Deciduous trees and shrubs may be planted 

 during the early part of the month with reasonable chance of success, 

 but unless the planting can be finished quickly, it will be well to 



