THE FLORAL WORLD AND GARDEN GUIDE. 3-47 



roseum (the true deeply coloured variety), A. Eupatoriun, A. aiirea; Aster versicolor, 

 A. bessarabicus, A. \vevls, A. elegans, A. ericoides, A. amellus, A. nova Anglia3; Echi- 

 nops ritro ; Pyretlirum roseum (single and double in variety) ; Phlox (all the tall 

 herbaceous varieties) ; Campanula carpatica (white varieties) ; C. persicitblia (and 

 varieties), C. grandis, C. niacrantha, C. pyramidalis, C. rotundifolia ; Statice lati- 

 folla ; Papaver orientale ; Trillium grandiflora ; Czackia liliustrum ; Gontiana 

 nsclepiadea ; Iris pallida, I. Germanica (iu great variety), I. Florentina, I. sambu- 

 cina, I. variegata, I. pumila (in variety), I. subbiflora, 1. ochroleuca, I. flavcscens, I. 

 Jacquesiana, I. amoena ; Lilium excelsum, L. longifiorum, L. chalcedouicum ; Tri- 

 toma glaucescens, T. grandis, T. uvaria (and all other good varieties or species) ; 

 Fritillaria meleagris (and its beautiful white varieties, known to some as F. praecox) ; 

 Narcissus poeticus, N. odorus, N. mnjor (and varieties or sub-species) ; Iberis 

 Gibraltarica (syn. corrrcafolia), I. saxatilis ; Arabis albida ; Aljssum saxatile ; 

 Aubrietia grandiflora ; Erigeron speciosus ; Centrauthus ruber (and white variety) ; 

 Monarda didyma ; Hesperis matronalis pi. (in variety) ; Cheiranthus Gheiri (fine 

 old double varieties), C. alpinus ; Spiraea Japonica ; Potentilla (in fine variety); 

 Trollius napellifolius ; Pentstemon procerus, P. gentianoides or Ilaitwegii (all good 

 varieties of ) ; Polygonium Sieboldii ; Yeronica corymbosa, V. amethystina ; Ero- 

 dium Manescavii ; Tradescantia virgiuica (and its delicately-tinted varieties) ; 

 Lythrum roseum superbum ; Hemerocallis fiava; Anemoue fulgens ; Pyrethrum 

 uliginosum ; Trollius Europajus ; Phlorais pungens ; Armaria cephalotes ; Geum 

 Chiliense ; Physostegia virgimana; Ptarmica vulgaris fl. pi.; Tliermopsis fabacea ; 

 Symphytum Caucasicum; Eryngium ametlijstinum ; Dodecatheon Meadia (and 

 varieties). 



KEEPIN& OUT EEOST— TEMPEEATTJEE OF THE SOIL. 



FEW words on the principles which the gardener should keep in mind 

 in his endeavours to keep out frost may be seasonable just now, 

 for it may be questioned if gardeners have invariably a clear 

 view of the object to be gained, and the best means of securing 

 it ; and those among our readers who are familiar with the theory 

 of the subject will not mind seeing a few common-place facts set fVirth for the 

 benefit of those who have yet something to learn on the subject. The leading 

 principle of all protective measures may be stated to be not so much keepinie; out 

 frost as keeping in heat. If any one will take the trouble to examine a bed of enow 

 when it has lain upon the earth a day or two, it will be found that, however hard 

 frozen on the surface, it is actually thawing where it rests upon the earth. If the 

 snow be very thin, this may not happen to be the case, because the cold air may 

 penetrate through it, and cause it to freeze to the soil ; but when deep snow has 

 laid some time, it invariably begins to thaw next the soil, however hard it may 

 freeze at the surface exposed to the atrnosphere. Another lesson of vahr3 may be 

 gained just now by dipping some water from a well ; it will come ujj comparatively 

 warm, and its temperature probably 40' to 50', according to the depth and the soil. 

 The inference from these two observations is obvious enough: the e; rth is a reser- 

 voir of heat, and this heat it is the gardener's business to make the most of, and all 

 protective measures should have for their object to prevent its escape. This earth- 

 heat is a matter of soma importance to the life of plants when its amount is con- 

 sidered. This heat is constantly rising to the surface ; hence, if we pile up a mass 

 of material of any kind, and leave it for some days, however hard it may get 

 frozen, it will be found that when removed the earth is quite warm on the spot it has 

 covered, a simple consequence of the heat having been confined. The heat of the 

 earth varies much near the surface as the seasons i-evolve, but the deeper we descend 

 the less is the variation. It is especially worthy of notice that the soil is such a 

 bad conductor of heat that even at very trilling depths the variations do not keep 

 pace with the changes of atmospheric temperature, and this leads to very interesting 

 results. By the elaborate exp)eriments of Professor Forbes it was shown that at 

 three feet the greatest cold does not occur till February ; at six feet, not till March ; 

 at twelve feet, in April ; and at twenty-four feet, in July. These facts explain why 

 water from deep wells isj (as people say) cold iu summer and warm in winter. At 



