THE FLORAL WORLD AND GARDEN GUIDE. 213 



Lychnis chalcedonica, L. Haageana, L. viscaria. 



Mimulus rivularis and M. cupreus. 



Myosotis alpestris and M. palustris. 



(Enothera Lamarckiana, (E. Jamesii, CE. taraxacifolia. 



Pentstemon carapanulatum, P. cordlfolium, and P. Murray anum. 



Potentilla atrosanguinea and P. splendidissima. 



Rose Campion. 



Rudbeckia fulgida. 



Saponaria ocymoides. 



Silene alpestris and S. Schafta. 



Sweet Williams. 



jS^OTE on GEAETINa THE GEAPE VINE. 



INES are more frequently grafted than formerly, in consequence of the 

 superior productiveness of many fine varieties when grafted on a free 

 rooting stock. A short time since a discussion on the subject of grafting 

 took place in the Revue Sorticolehetvfeen M. Boisselet and M. Carriere, 

 chiefly respecting the merits, as compared with the usual way of cleft- 

 grafting, of a mode of performing the operation, and of an instrument employed 

 for the purpose by Daniel Hooibrenk. M. Boisselet, in the first place, defends the 

 mode of cleft-grafting, which M. Carriere says was unnecessary, as it was not 

 attacked ; and secondly, he states that he has frequently tried grafting with the 

 instrument above alluded to, but has never succeeded. On the other hand, M. 

 Carriere affirms, that with the same kind of instrument he has operated successfully 

 not only in grafting the vine, but also the following plants : — In spring, in the 

 open air ; apricot, cherry, plum, apple, pear, poplar, amygdalopsis, cytisus, all 

 the species. In autumn (September), in the open air : apricot, cherry, pear, plum, 

 cotoneaster, purple filbert, syringa, thorn. In autumn (September), under 

 g.ass : the fruit-trees above mentioned, together with the birch, oak, beech, thorn, 

 lime, cotoneaster, and conifers. Here M. Carriere mentions the time and circum- 

 stances under which he operated ; but of these, in the case of his opponent, we are 

 not informed. Now, in our opinion, the season, or state of vegetation of the plant, 

 is the main point. If grafting is done at the right time, which may be sooner or 

 later, according to the nature of the subject operated upon, almost any instrument 

 with a cutting edge will do ; but if done at the wrong season, the most ingeniously 

 constructed instrument, and with an edge as sharp as that of a razor, will not 

 ensure success, and more especially in the case of the vine. 



Many years ago, Mr. Braddick, of Thames Ditton, generally failed in grafting 

 the vine at tbe usual time of grafting in spring. He, however, received some vine- 

 cuttings from abroad in summer, after his vines were in full leaf, and anxious to 

 preserve the sorts, and for the sake of experiment, he then grafted them, though 

 almost hopeless of success ; but as it turned out to his surprise, the grafts took 

 well. By subsequent experiments, the result of which he communicated to the 

 Horticultural Society, he established the fact that vines ought not to be grafted till 

 the stock or plant on which the scion is placed is in leaf. Most probably, therefore, 

 M. Boisselet's complete failure, with the vine at least, has occurred, like that of 

 many others, in consequence of grafting at a season when the plant ought not to be 

 cut on any account whatever, that is, after the sap is in motion, and before the 

 buds expand. Any incision made during that period permits the vine to bleed, but 

 most profusely if made just before the buds open ; and the more vigorous the vine, 

 the worse the bleeding. When large limbs of apple and other trees are cut and 

 grafted just as they are on the point of bursting into leaf, the flow of sap is often 

 so great as to "drown the graft," as suffusion from the overflow of sap is technically 

 termed. But the loss of the graft is not the only bad consequence of the untimely 

 operation. The unabsorbed extravasated sap ferments, becomes putrid or acid, and 

 kills the vital tissue lying between the alburnum and inner bark. The stock con- 

 sequently dies back to a greater or less distance below the wound, instead of keeping 

 alive or healing over, as would be the case if cut back in autumn or winter. Many 



