36 



THE FLORAL WORLD AND GARDEN GUIDE. 



out of place are to be cut away to 

 •within one bud of the base, and when 

 this bud pushes pinch it in, and it 

 may be induced to form a fruit spur. 

 The next autumn choose again two 

 buds on each side, one to lead on, the 

 other to furnish the next upright rod 

 on each side of the former two. Re- 

 peat this the next year, and every 

 year cut back the growth of the year 

 at least half its length, or if the 

 shoots are very gross cut back two- 

 thirds. The result will be a regularly 

 proportioned tree as in the sketch, 

 and a regular disposition of fruit 

 spurs. Espaliers of this kind should 

 be trained to upright rails or wires. 



Fan training is best adapted for 

 walls, and the peach, apricot, plum, 

 and cherry thrive by this system, 

 which admits of a perpetual system 

 of renewal of bearing wood in any 



peach, nectarine, and apricot (with 

 the exception of the Moor Park) 

 bear on ripe shoots of the previous 

 year, and to keep up a succession of 

 shoots for bearing is the main object 

 when the outline of the tree has been 

 formed. The Moor Park apricot 

 bears on spurs two or three years old, 

 and in vigorous trees the main stem 

 and the principal branches will gene- 

 rally be found to be furnished with 

 these in abundance. 



In training to walls it is the best 

 plan to attach laths or wires, and the 

 latter are the neatest and the cheapest, 

 and to tie instead of nailing. This 

 saves the wall from damage, brings 

 the trees under more perfect control, 

 and to some extent prevents the in- 

 jury arising from vermin. In cloth- 

 ing high walls with trees, it is a good 

 plan to plant standards and dwarfs 



TAir TKAINING. 



part of the tree. Supposing a young 

 tree intended for this kind of training 

 tO/be planted, the leader would re- 

 quire to be cut back quite two-thirds 

 of its length, that is to say, two- 

 thirds of its length should be re- 

 moved, and the side-branches need 

 only be moderately shortened tore- 

 move any weak and immature points 

 of the shoots. These side-branches 

 will probably form fruiting wood the 

 first season, and bear the next year, 

 and the leader will throw out a series 

 of branches lor training in the fan 

 form at regular distances. The 



alternately, the latter to be trained 

 right and left in the spaces left open 

 between the stems of the standards. 

 The free use of the knife in the first 

 instance, is of the utmost importance, 

 as if the trees are trained with a view 

 to length only, they soon become bare 

 and unsightly on the lower parts of 

 all the main branches. 



A word of advice on the subject 

 of pruning may be useful to the in- 

 experienced. From the appearance 

 trees sometimes present in private 

 gardens, one might suppose them to 

 be pruned with a knife and fork. The 



