THE FLORAL WORLD AND GARDEN GUIDE. 263 



nullify the whole effect of the descending force of the column of water, 

 and, consequently, destroy the jet altogether. To determine the adjutage 

 is easy enough by experiment with a leaden nozzle, which can be pressed 

 or opened to the dimensions found to suit the circumstances, and this 

 course is absolutely necessary where the engineer has no ready means of 

 ascertaining the power of the head. As a rule, the adjutage, or opening 

 of the pipe, should be one-fourth the size of the pipe itself, but every 

 fountain should be supplied with a series of adjutages to produce different 

 forms of jets, as the force of the head may vary, or as the caprice of the 

 possessor may determine. 



To increase the force of a fountain it may be placed at a, comparatively 

 low level, yet the lower the level the less is its dignity, audit is generally 

 much better to adapt the head to the level than the level to the head, for 

 a fountain constructed with taste is too expensive and important an affair 

 to be placed anywhere but in a conspicuous position, that is if it is to 

 form any part of the garden scenery. Once set the stream flowing, and 

 it may be turned to many uses after it has splashed and glistened in the 

 form of feathers, baskets, parabolas, and true lovers' -knots ; the outflow 

 may be arrested at points where water is required for strictlj^ horticul- 

 tural purposes, to save that everlasting fetch- and-carry -which is the bane 

 ■of many an otherwise good garden, and after that the wilder parts of the 

 ground may have the benefit of a rill where watercresses would grow and 

 the robins would wash themselves. 



But after all this we may not have answered Jemima's question ; but 

 the fault will be hers, not ours, for she leaves us to guess at the data, 

 which none but her can supply. It is a case of circular sailing, in which 

 you know a ship tirst goes some thousands of miles out of her way in 

 order to avoid adverse currents or icebergs, or to get round the earth in 

 a direction of its least circumference, and so iu the end actually gain by 

 losing. So by circular sailiug perhaps we may yet arrive at the port to 

 which Jemima directs us, and wdth this hope we will now take to 

 ponds, which are not held in much esteem by earnest navigators. A 

 pond, Jemima, is nothing more nor less than a great hole filled with 

 water. Your gardener can make one for you Avith the help of a few 

 labourers; and as gardeners are not constantly in practice at pond- 

 making, a few advices from our pen may be received by him compla- 

 cently, especially if you tell him it was at your request we undertook the 

 subject. 



There is only one position proper for a pond in a garden, and that is 

 somewhat remote from the house, and on the lowest level of the place, 

 where it will naturally receive much of the rainfall. A pond is a minia- 

 ture lake ; it must be in the natural style, no matter what its size or 

 shape, and hence costly architectural accessories are not needed. In choos- 

 ing a site for the pond, give preference, if possible, to a position w^here 

 two or more walks meet at the junction of the dressed grounds with the 

 wildest portions of the scenery. In marking out the boundary, throw 

 the greatest extent right and left of the principal approach to it, or the 

 principal view of it. Suppose, for instance, that the walks lead from 

 the terrace or dressed lawn through a belt of evergreens towards the 

 wilderness, at some point in this progress the pond will appear in the 

 scene ; and on the side next this approach it should be so extended as to 

 show the greatest possible extent ; and the whole of the planting of a 



