SYNGENESIA— POL.-FRUSTRAN. Centaurea. 469 



Calcitrapoides procumbens, Cichorii folio, flore purpurascente. 

 Danti d'Isnard Mem. de I'Ac. des Sc. 378. t. 19. 



In meadows or pastures in the isle of Jersey. Dickson. 



Perennial. July, August. 



Root branching, with numerous fibres; simple at the crown. 

 Stems several, recumbent, branched, leafy, angular, furrowed, 

 roughish, scarcely a span long. Leaves scattered, sessile, clasp- 

 ing the stem more or less, oblong, variously toothed or pinna- 

 tifid in a lyrate manner, minutely rough on both sides, but es- 

 pecially at the edges, not downy nor hoary ; their lobes tipped 

 with small spines ; lower ones largest, and somewhat stalked ; 

 uppermost crowded under each flower, tapering at the base, and 

 not clasping. Fl. light purple; the radiant^ore/s much smaller 

 in proportion than the foregoing; disk convex. Anth. dark pur- 

 ple. Cal. globose ; scales ovate, smooth, green, each tipped 

 with 5 yellow spreading thorns, united in a palmate manner, 

 shorter than the scale. Mr, J. D. Sowerby, in drawing the 

 flower, observed a degree of irritability in the Jilajnents, which 

 contracted when the anthers were touched. The same has been 

 noticed by several persons in C. Calcitrapa. The seeds are obo- 

 vate, abrupt, each crowned with a tuft of bristles. 



*** Calyx-scales 'with double, or compound, spines. 



6. C. Calcitrapa. Common Star-thistle. 



Flowers lateral, sessile. Calyx-scale.s doubly spinous. 

 Leaves pinnatifid, toothed. Stem hairy, widely spread- 

 ing. 



C. Calcitrapa. Linn. Sp. PL 1297. IVilld. v.3. 23]?. Fl. Br. 912. 

 Engl. Bot.v.2. t. 125. 



Calcitrapa n. 194. Hall. Hist, v, I. 84. 



Carduusstellatus. i?auSj/?j. 196. Ger. Em. 1166./. Dad. Pempt. 

 733./. Lob.Ic.v.2.\l.f. 



C. stellatus, sive Calcitrapa. Bauh.Hist. v. 3. p. 1. 89./. 



C. muricatus, vulgo Calcitrapa dictus. Clus. Hist. v. 2. 7 .f. 



Hippophaestum. Column. Phytob. 105. t. 107- 



Polyacantha. Cord. Hist. 91.2. / 



Myacanthos. Dalech. Hist. 1474./. 



Star-thistle. Petiv. H. Brit. ^ 21./ 11. 



In waste gravelly ground, or in sandy plains near the sea, chiefly 

 in the more temperate parts of England. 



Annual. July, August. 



Root tapering, whitish. Stem low and widely spreading, very 

 much and repeatedly branched, leafy, furrowed, solid,^hairy, or 

 rather downy. Leaves scattered, sessile, hairy, unequally pin- 

 natifid, various in breadth, beset with prickly teeth ; upper ones 

 less divided, crowded under the flowers ; lowermost stalked. 

 Fl. rose-coloured, lateral, solitary, nearly or quite sessile, en- 

 compassed with a few leaves. Cal. ovate, each scale terminating 

 in a large, sharp, channelled, spreading spine, fringed at its 



