398 SYNGENESIA— POLYGAMIA-iEQU. Bidens. 



1. C. vulgaris. Common Carline-thistle. 



Stem corymbose, many-flowered. Flowers terminal. Outer 

 calyx-scales pinnatifid; inner whitish. 



C. vulgaris. Linn. Sp. PIAU\. Willd.v.3. 1696. Fl.Br.S57. 

 Engl. Bot. V. \6.t.\ 144. Hook. Scot. 238. 



C. n. 182. Hall. Hist. V. i . 79. 



C. sylvestris quibusdam, aliis Atractvlis. Rail Syn. 175. Bcnih. 

 Hist.v.3.p.i.8\.f. 



C. sylvestris major, Ger. Em. 1 159./. 



Carduus. Brwif. Herb. v. 2. 65. f. 



C. vulgaris. Matlh. Valgr. v. 2. 32./. 



C. sylvestris. Camer. Epit. 439/. 



C. vulgatissimus viarum. Lob. Ic. v. 2. 20./. 



Atractylis niitior. Fuchs. Hist. 1 2 1 ./. 



A. vulgaris minor. Fuchs. Ic. 66./. 



Acarna. Da lech. Hist. 1484 ./. 



Common Carline. Petiv. H. Brit. t. 15./. 1 0. 



In dry sandy heathy pastures and fields. 



Biennial. June. 



Root tapering, small. Stem erect, firm, round, 10 or 12 inches 

 high, leafy, downy, somewhat corymbose. Leaves lanceolate, 

 sinuated and wavy, green, veiny, rigid, copiously bordered with 

 prickles ; sometimes quite smooth, but more commonly downy 

 or woolly beneath. Fl. terminal, solitary, of a singular aspect, 

 and not melegantly variegated ; the Jlorets red, with yellow an- 

 thers and stigmas; the radiating scales of the calyx cream-co- 

 loured, polished, hygrometrical, changing their position accord- 

 ing to the moisture of the atmosphere. 



This genus was named after the Emperor Charlemagne, because, 

 according to report, one of its species, C. acaulis, was pointed 

 out to him by an angel, to cure his army of the plague. Its root 

 is pungent, bitter, and tonic ; but the large white everlasting 

 Jloiver is perhaps most useful, when nailed upon cottage doors, 

 in Germany, France, or Italy, by way of a hygrometer, as it 

 closes before rain. 



*** Florets all tuhular, croivded, erect and parallel, level- 

 topped, forming a discoid Jlovoer, without a radius of 

 any kind, except casually. 



388. BIDENS. Btir-marigold. 



Linn. Gen. A\2. Ji/ss. 188. H, Ur. 858. Tourn.t.262. Lam. 



t.668. Gcertn. t. 167. 

 Nat. Ord. Compositor, z, oppositifolicc. Linn. 4-9. Corymhi- 



fercey sect. G. Juss. 55. See Grammar 124. 



