SYNGENESIA— POLYGAMIA-.^QU. Cnicus. 393 



Wiltshire downs, between Boyton house and Fonthill, abun- 

 dantly. j4. B. Lambert, Esq. There I gathered it in 1819. 



Perennial. Aitgust. 



Root woody, creeping, sending down perpendicularly many ellip- 

 tical, tapering, fleshy knobs, externally blackish. Stem about 

 2 feet high, erect, straight, nearly solid, round, furrowed, hairy, 

 leafy, not at all winged ; either quite simple and single-flowered, 

 or dividing with a branch or two near the top. Leaves green 

 and downy above ; pale and cottony beneath ; all deeply pin- 

 natifid, with divided spinous-pointed lobes, fringed with fine 

 prickles J the lower ones on long, slightly w'mgktd footstalks ; 

 upper nearly sessile ; none decurrent. Fl. solitary at the sum- 

 mit of the stem or branch, erect, bright purple, twice the size 

 of C. paliistris or arvensis, and more resembling heterophyllus, 

 but smaller. Cal. ovate, with spreading, leafy scales, a little 

 cottony, several of the outermost tipped with small spines. Seeds 

 short, obovate, with long, slender, feathery dovm. 



Gerarde's figure, p. 728./. 6, cannot be intended for this plant. 



7. C. heierophyllus. Melancholy Plume-thistle. 



Leaves clasping the stem, fringed ; undivided or pinnati- 

 fid ; ver)' smooth ahove ; densely cottony beneath. Stem 

 downy, almost single-flowered. 



C. heterophyllus. mild. Sp. PL IG73. Comp. ed. 4A34. Hook. 



Scot. 237. Lond. t.27. 

 Carduus heterophyllus. Linn. Sp. PL 1154. FL Br. 853. Engl 



BoLv.XO.t.GlL Hull v.l. 23b. FL Dan. L 109. 

 C.belenioides. Huds. 352. Light/. 457. With. 702. 

 Cirsiuni n. ISO. HalL Hist. v. \.77. t. 7. 

 C, anglicum secundum. Clus.Hist. v. 2. 148./. Ger. Em. 1 183./. 



Pennei. 

 C. britainnicum. Cliis. Pann. 657./. 658. 

 C. britannicum Clusii repens. Raii Syn. 193. Bauh. Hist. v. 3. 



p.\.4G.f. Mill.Ic. 63.f. 94. 

 Northern Thistle. Petiv. H. Brit t. 22./ 2. 



In moist mountain pastures in the north. 



In the mountainous parts of Yorkshire,Westmoreland and Wales. 

 Ratj and Dillenius. In the inland Highlands of Scotland, not 

 iinfrequent. Light/. In some parts of the Lowlands. Hook. A 

 little way up Ben Lomond. 



Perennial. July, August. 



Root creeping. Stem 3 feet high, erect, hollow in the centre, 

 leafy, round, cottony, mostly simple and single-flowered, some- 

 times divided and bearing a smaller lateral flower. Leaves lan- 

 ceolate, pointed, fringed with copious, unequal, fine, bristly ra- 

 ther than prickly, serraturcs ; bright green and very smooth 



