20 PENTANDRIA— DIGYNIA. Ulmus. 



1. v. campestris. Common Small-leaved Elm. 



Leaves doubly serrated, rough. Flowers nearly sessile, 

 four-cleft. Capsule oblong, deeply cloven, naked. 



U. campestris. Linn, Sp. PL 327. F/. Suec. ed. 2. 81 > fVilld. v. 1. 

 1324. Fl. Br. 281 . Engl. Bot. v. 27. t. 1886. Camer. Epit. 70, 

 nojigure. 



U. n. 1586 ^. Hall. Hist. v. 2. 269. In Reynier's Swiss herba- 

 rium. 



U. minor, folio angusto scabro. Goodyerin Ger. Em. 1480./. Rait 

 Syn. 469. 



Ulmus. Dod.Pempt.SZy.f. 



In woods and hedges, chiefly in the southern parts of England. 



In the New Forest, Hampshire. Mr. Goodyer. In Sussex, fre- 

 quent. Mr. Borrer. The most common Norfolk species. 



Tree. March, or April. 



Trunk rather crooked, with a rugged bark, and spreading, round, 

 zigzag, brown, leafy branches. Leaves about 2 inches long, and 

 1 broad in the middle, doubly serrated, contracted towards each 

 end ; unequal at the base, as in every known species, even the 

 pumila; dark green, and very rough to the touch, on the upper 

 side ; paler and smoother beneath, with a prominent midrib, 

 and several transverse parallel ribs, which have each a small tuft 

 of downy hairs at the origin. Fl. much earlier than the foliage, 

 and from inferior buds, in numerous, dense, round, dull-purple 

 tufts, each flower almost sessile, with an oblong fringed bractea 

 at its base. Limb of the calyx in 4 oblong obtuse segments, of 

 a light brownish red, minutely fringed. Stam. 4, equal, with 

 dark-purple anthers. Stigmas a downy line along the upper edge 

 of each style, which line is never elongated, but becomes in- 

 curved, from the great dilatation of the opposite margin, run- 

 ning down into the bordered, oblong-wedgeshaped, or nearly 

 obovate, flat, pale brown, somewhat shining, capsule, which has 

 a deep sinus at the extremity, bordered with the styles, and ex- 

 tending towards the seed. 

 The wood is hard and tough, particularly durable in wet situations. 

 That of the present species is greatly preferred in Norfolk to any 

 other, and sells for nearly double the price, serving more espe- 

 cially for the naves of wheels. In other parts of England, and 

 particularly about London, the more common kinds are used 

 for coffins. 

 Mr. E. Forster first hinted, what I have now no doubt of, that the 

 above synonym of Gerarde and Ray belongs to this ; which by 

 what is said in the Fl. Suec. and the synonym of IDodonaeus, 

 should seem to be the Swedish species, but I have no specimens 

 to determine that point. 



