402 ICOSANDRIA— POLYGYNIA. Rubus. 



R. rhamnifolius. Weihe and Nees Rub. Germ. 20. t. 6 ; excl. Engl. 



Bot. t. 715, and perhaps Lam. t. 441./. 2. 

 Rubus. Trag. Hist. 970./. Fuchs. Hist. 152./. '' DeCand. Fr. 



v.4.475." 

 j3. R. cordifolius. fVeihe and Nees Rub. Germ. 19. t. 5. 

 Rubus. Matth. Valgr. v. 2. 356./. 

 R. fruticosus. Mill. Illustr. t. 45. 



In woods and hedges, not uncommon. 



Near Henfield, Sussex. Mr. Borrer. In a wood at Hale End, 

 near Walthamstow, Essex. Mr. E. Forster. Abundant in woods 

 about Tangley, Oxfordshire. Mr. Bicheno. 



Shrub. July, August. 



Stems angular, with slight intermediate furrows, more or less va- 

 riegated with blue, either smooth or minutely hairy ; the barren 

 ones arched, many feet in length, described by W eihe as often 

 taking root at the extremity. Prickles variously scattered, 

 chiefly on the angles of the stem, reddish, or purple, pointing 

 downwards, but more slender, narrower at the base, and less 

 hooked than in R. fruticosus, or even plicatus ; except those of 

 the footstalks and ribs of the lectflets, which are all hooked, or 

 sickle-shaped, as in those species. Leaves of the barren stems, 

 and great part of the fertile ones, of 5 leaflets; upper ones 

 upon the latter of 3 j the topmost simple ; the central leaflet 

 on a very long prickly partial-stalk, the rest on short ones, of 

 which the 2 lateral are sometimes combined : leaflets large, flat, 

 pointed, sharply and copiously serrated ; bright green and 

 nearly smooth above ; downy and hoary, with shining white 

 hairs interspersed, beneath, but not pure white and cottony as 

 in R. fruticosus ; their shape is obovate, often doubly serrated, 

 but in the ternate ones more orbicular, with nearly uniform and 

 simple serratures ; in /3 they are somewhat broader, and heart- 

 shaped at the base, but I can find no other difterence in any 



• part whatever of the two plants. Stipulas linear-lanceolate. 

 Panicle oblong, twice or thrice compound, somewhat leafy, 

 hairy and prickly, the partial stalks round, densely downy, 

 hoary j not snow-white and angular like those of the first spe- 

 cies, nor do they bear prominent glandular hairs, like many of 

 the following. Bracleas linear-lanceolate. Fl. white, or purplish. 

 Calyx spreading, not closely reflexed even when in fruit ; its 

 segments white and densely downy, with some appearance of 

 minute glandular dots, but no bristles, nor prickles, in any spe- 

 cimen I have seen. Fruit black, of not very numerous grains. 



In one of Mr.Forster's specimens the upper leaflets of the flowering 

 stem are almost lanceolate, but this seems of rare occurrence; 



The authors of the Rubi Germanici suspect ^.715 of Engl. Bot. to 

 belong to this species. I have no specimen of the identical 

 plant there delineated, but the shape of the leajiets, and the 

 broad hooked red prickles, certainly rather indicate the true 



