Ord. L] TETRANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 33 



a whorl, lanceolate ; their edges, like the stem, beset with re- 

 flexed prickles. Stalks axillary, three-flowered. Fruit sharply 

 granulated, drooping. 

 Chalky fields. 0. 7. Stem simple. Fl. greenish ivhite. Fruit 

 as if shaven. 



11. G. spurium, 26. 1871. (Smooth-fr. B.) Leaves about eight in a 

 whorl, lanceolate ; their edges, like the stem, beset with reflexed 

 prickles. Stalks axillary, many-flowered, cymose. Fruit smooth, 

 erect. 



Fields, near Forfar. . 6, 7. Flowers green. Seeds kidney- shaped. 



12. G. pusillum, 2. 74. (Least B.) Leaves eight in a whorl, linear- 

 lanceolate, hair-pointed, entire, somewhat hairy. Panicles ter- 

 minal, forked. Fruit very smooth. 



Calcar. hills. "4.7,8. Stems many, 4 — 10 m. Fl ivhite, small, copious. 



13. G. verum, 10. 660. (Yellow B.) Leaves eight in a whorl, linear, 

 channelled, entire, rough. Flowers in dense panicles. 



Hilly, bushy pi. If.. 7, 8. Stem 18 in. Fl. numer. of a golden yell. 



14. G. Mollugo, 24. 1673. (Great Hedge B.) Leaves eight in a whorl, 



elliptical, bluntish, bristle-pointed, rough-edged. Flowers in 

 loose spreading panicles. Corolla thick-tipped. Seeds smooth, 

 globular. 

 Hedges and thickets. If. 7, 8. Stem 3 — 4 f. Fl. white, numerous. 



15. G. dnglicum, 6, 384. (Wall B.) Leaves about 6 in a whorl, lan- 

 ceolate, pointed, fringed with prickles. Stems straggling, rough. 

 Flower-stalks cloven. Fruit granulated, without hairs. 



Walls and sandy gr. © . 6, 7. Scarcely a span. Fl. few, pale yeU. 



** Fruit bristly. 



16. G. boredle, 2. 105. (Cross-leaved B.) Leaves four in a whorl, 

 ovate-lanceolate, three-ribbed, smooth, with rough edges. Stem 

 erect. Fruit rough with hooked bristles. 



Rocky pi. 2£ 7. M. creeping. Stem 18 in. Fl. white, panicled. 



1 7. G. Aparine, 12. 816. (Goose Grass, or Cleavers.) Leaves eight in 

 a whorl, lanceolate, keeled, rough, fringed with reflexed prickles. 

 Stem weak. 



Hedges. 0.5—8. 3—4/ Fl. small, pale buff. Fr. a double globe 



70, RuBIA. Madder. 



1. R. peregrina, 12. 851. (Wild M.) Leaves four, or more, in a 

 whorl, elliptical ; shining and smooth on the upper side. Flowers 

 five-cleft. 

 Dry ground, S. W. of Engl. If. 6, 7. L. evergr. broad, shining. 

 Berry black. 



71. EXACUM. Gentianella. 



1. E.filiforme, 4. 235. (Least G.) Leaves sessile. Stem thread- 

 shaped, forked. Flowers on long stalks. 

 Sandy bogs in the south. © .6. About 3 in., bitter. Fl. small, yellow. 



