Cladonia. 



LICHENES. 235 



uncialis, Linn. — E. Bot. t. 174. — Cladonia stellate, it. Schccr. 

 Lick. Helv. Spicil. p. 42., Lich. Exsicc. n. 82.— Dill. Muse t. 16. 

 /. 21. — ft. turgida; soft turgid elongated, the branches truncate 

 fastigiate, the sterile ones stellato-denticulate closed, fertile ones 

 digitato-ramose perforated. C. stellata, b. turgida, Schcer. Lich. 

 Helv. Spicil. p. 43., Lich. Exsicc. n. 84. — Lichen turgidus, Ehrh. 

 Cr. — Cladonia turgida, Hoffm — Fries. — Cenomyce parecha, Ach. 

 Syn. p. 272. 



On Heaths and moors, abundant. (6. Ben Lawers and Ben Voirlich, 

 Dr. Grevlllc. — This varies considerably in size, but is tolerably constant 

 to its other characters and is remarkable for its stout fistulose stems 

 and branches with large perforations in the axils, and for the short ulti- 

 mate spreading acute branchlets. 1 quite agree with Mr. Schaerer 

 in referring the Cenomyce parecha of Ach. to this plant. 



3. C. rangiferina, Hoffm. {Rein-deer Cladonia or Rein-deer 

 Moss); podetia erect elongated roughish cylindrical greenish- 

 white very much branched, the axils perforated the branches 

 scattered often intricate divaricated the ultimate ones drooping, 

 apothecia subglobose brown on small erect branchlets. Schccr. 

 Lich. Helv. Spicil. p. 37. n. 76 — 79 — Cenomyce rangiferina, 

 Ach. Syn. p. 217. — Lichen rangiferiuus, Linn. — E. Bot. t. 173. 

 —Dill Muse. t. 16./. 29, 30. 



Moors, heaths, and mountains, frequent.— A very variable Moss, 

 especially in the length of the ramifications and also in colour, and an 

 inhabitant of almost every part of the world, even of the tropics; but 

 in the colder and arctic regions it is most abundant. The barren spe- 

 cimens are the most branched and tufted, with the branches very intri- 

 cate. It is this, which, for the greater part of the year and especially in 

 winter, is the support of the vast herds of rein-deer wherein consists all 

 the wealth of the Laplanders. No vegetable, Linnaeus tells us, grows 

 throughout Lapland in such abundance as this, especially in woods of 

 scattered pines, where, for very many miles together, the surface of the 

 Sterile soil is cove-red with it as with snow. On the destruction of 

 forests by fire, when no other plant will find nutriment, this Lichen 

 springs up and flourishes, and, after a few years, acquires its full 

 Size. "Here the reindeer are pastured ; and, whatever tna\ be the depth 

 Of snow during the Ion- winters of that climate, these creatures have the 



power of penetrating it and obtaining their necessary food. Linnaeus has 



given a beautiful description of this Lichen, and of the animals, whose 

 support it is, iii the Flora Lappomea, p. 332, but it is too long for in- 

 sertion ill this place. 



4. C. pin k/i us, Delise, (pointed Cladonia)) podetia tabular 



grey forked much branched without axillary perforatioM, 



brain bed twisted and entangled taper-pointed, apothecia minute 

 terminal solitary brownish-black, Sm. — Lichen pungent, Ack, 

 Prodr<—E, BoLt, 2444. — Cenomyce rangiferina, 9. Ack, Syn, 



r . 277. Lichen uncialit, •:. Lightf. r . B80 



Bsher Common, Surrey, .1/'-. Borrer.—" It comesverj near I 

 ails, but is said to want the axillarj perforations. \\'e fmd. howi 

 not rerj imfrequently, lateral fissures below the origin of the clusi 

 branches, but tnese arc indeed different from the round central openings 



