Lecanora.] 



LICHENES. 191 



26. L. cdbella, Ach. (cream-coloured Lecanora); crust leprous 

 thin continued cream-coloured somewhat polished, apothecia 

 sessile whitish-buff uneven with a thin white wavy border. 

 Sm.—Ach. Syn.p. 168 Lichen albellus, Pers.—E. Bot. *. 2154. 



Common on the smooth bark of trees. 



27. L. cameo-lutea, Ach. (pale crach-shi elded Lecanora); 

 crust membranous extremely thin indeterminate white smooth, 

 apothecia depressed minute" flattish flesh-coloured when young 

 covered by the white border which cracks in the centre. 8m. 



Ach. Syn.p. 171. Parmelia cameo-lutea, Turn, in Linn.Trans. 



v. 9. p. 145. t. 12. /. 2. — Lichen carneo-luteus, E. Bot. t. 2010. 



Trunks of Elms, Sussex and the Isle of Wight, Mr. Boner. 



28. L. Parella, Ach. (CraUs-eye Lecanora or Perelle); crust 

 dirty-white determinate plicato-verrucose, apothecia scattered 

 thick the disk concave of the same colour as the thick tumid 

 even border.— Ach. Syn. p. 169.— Lichen Parellus, Linn.—E. 

 Bot. t. 727.— Dill. Muse. t. 18./. 10. 



Rocks, principally in mountainous countries, frequent —This is the 

 Perelle of Auvergne and other parts of France, where it is extensively 

 employed to produce a dye, far superior to that of the Cudbear (Lecanora 

 tartarea) and quite equal to that of the Archill {Roccella tinctorla). 



29. L. tartarea, Ach. (tartareous Lecanora, or Cudbear); enttl 

 thick granulated and tartareous greyish-white, apothecia scat- 

 tered the disk convex at length plane or tumid yellow-Drown 

 inclining to flesh-colour the border thick indexed at length 

 WHYj.—Ach. Sun. p. 172. — Lichen tarturcus, Linn.—E. Bot. 

 t. L66.— Dill. Muse. t. 18. /. 13.— 3. Upsaliensis ; crust thinner 

 enveloping the stems and leaves of mosses and other plant-. 

 hence branched and throwing out branched bristles. — Itcamra 

 tartarea, y. frigida, Ach. Syn.p. 172.— Lichen I psaUensi*, Linn. 

 —E. J Jot. i. 1634. — Lichen frigidus, Sw. — E. Bot. t. 1879. 



On rocks in alpine countries. abundant. £. enveloping the branches and 

 Leaves of mosses, heath, &c— This is the famous Cudbear (so called after 

 a Mr.Cuthbert,who first brought it into use) employed to produces purple 

 for dyeing woollen jrarn ; and nowhere, perhaps, used to so great an ex- 

 tent as in the manufactory of Mr. Mackintosh of Glasgow. This gen- 

 tleman imports it largely from Norway, where it grows more sbun- 

 dantlytban with us; yel in the Highland districts many an industrious 

 peasant gets a living 1>\ scraping offthis Lichen with an iron hoop, and 

 ling it t«» the Glasgow market. When I was in tin- neighbourhood 

 (1 f Foil Augustus, some years sgo, I was informed that a person could 



earn IN. per WCek at this' work, telling the material at 3t> id. the stone 



of a li.s. The fructified specimens sre reckoned the beat. 



A remarkable and fructified state of this plant, as it appears to n.e. IS 



imported bi Mr. Mackintosh from Sicily, with the crutt singularly thick 

 and formed" mto warts so exceedingly elongated and cylindrical that the) 



appear like the pod t: ■/ "fan h'uiium. 



30. L. IWrneVi, Ach. (mealy jhsh-ndnund Lecanora); crnsi 



leprous very mealy -reenish-white, apotheeia hVsh-colou.e<l 



