302 ALGjE INARTICULATE. [Chondrus. 



Xovdgog, cartilage; from the cartilaginous substance of the 

 frond. 



1 . C. mammillosus, Grev. (mammillated Chondrus) ; frond 

 elongato-cuneiform dichotomous channelled proliferous, capsules 

 sphserical on very short peduncles scattered over the disk of the 

 frond. — Grev. Alg. Brit. 1. 127. — Sph&rococcus mammiL, Ag. Sp. 



Alg. v. 1. p. 260 Fucus mamm.il., Good, et Woodw. — Turn. 



Syn. Fuc.p. 237, Hist. Fuc. £.218. E. Bot. t. 1054 — F. poly- 

 morphus, var. Lamour. — F. echinatus, Stackh. — F. ceranoides, 

 i. and £. Lightf. 



Common on submarine rocks. %, Winter. 



2. C. crispus, Lyngb. (curled Chondrus) ; frond flat nerveless 

 dichotomous often curled the segments subcuneate, capsules 

 hemispherical occupying the disk on one side of the frond, and 

 producing a depression on the opposke side. — Grev. Alg. Brit, 

 p. 129. £. 15. — C. poly morphus, Lamour — Sph&rococcus crispus, 

 Ag. Sp. Alg. v. I. p. 256. — Fucus crispus, Linn. — Turn.. Syn. 

 Fuc-p. 226, Hist. Fuc. t. 216, 217. E. Bot.t. 2285.— F. cera- 

 noides, Gmel. — Lightf. — F. stellatus and lacerus, Stackh. — F. 



filiformis, Huds. — F. patens, Good, et Woodiv. 



Rocky shores, abundant. If.. Spring. — Variable as is this species in 

 the length of its fronds, from 2 or 3 to 10 or 12 inches, in the degree of 

 ramification, and in the relative breadth of the segments, yet the expe- 

 rienced eye will not find it difficult to recognise it. Mr. Turner enu- 

 merates the following vars. — /3. virens ; frond submembranaceous, 

 branches dilated upwards, flattish, extreme segments long and acumin- 

 ated. Turn. — y. stellatus ; frond submembranaceous, branches dilated 

 upwards, divided at their apices into very numerous clustered short 

 laciniae. Turn. — S. cequalis ; frond cartilaginous, thick, all the branches 

 equal, linear, the extreme segments obtuse. Turn. — %, filiformis ; frond 

 cartilaginous, subcylindrical, branches nearly linear, apices long and 

 acuminated. Turn. — £. patens ; frond subcartilaginous, channelled on 

 one side, dichotomous, angles of the dichotomies patent. Turn. — *?. la- 

 cerus, frond cartilaginous compressed, apices very narrow, elongated, 

 branched. Turn. — 3. Sarniensis ; frond between coriaceous and cartila- 

 ginous, branches slightly channelled on one side, dilated upwards, 

 apices rounded and emarginate. Turn. — i. planus ; frond subcoriaceous, 

 flat, wide, branches linear, apices obtuse. Turn. — x. geniculatus ; 

 frond cartilaginous, compressed, branches nearly linear, tubercles sub- 

 globose, black, frond bent, and often broken at the tubercles. Turn. — 

 Chondrus crispus has been extensively collected on the coasts of Ireland, 

 washed and bleached and employed for making blanc-mange, and for 

 other purposes in lieu of Isinglass. It was at one time sold by the pea- 



' santry at 2s. per pound ; but now that it is found to be so common, its 

 value is much reduced. 



3. C. membranifolius, Grev. (membranous-leaved Chondrus); 

 stipes cylindrical filiform branched the branches expanding into 

 subcuneate membranaceo-cartilaginous two-lobed or dichoto- 

 mous segments, capsules ovate shortly pedunculated arising from 

 the stipes. — Grev. Alg. Brit. p. 131. — Sphcerococcus membranif, 



