170 LICHENES. [Variolaria. 



and an eminent French Chemist now informs me that it is so employed 

 in France, and upon a very extensive scale. 



7. V. aspergilla, Ach. Lich. Univ. (sprinkled Variularia) ; 

 crust orbicular somewhat tartareous thickish dull- white wrinkled 

 surrounded by a smooth polished somewhat zonate border of 

 one colour, apothecia scattered elevated hemisphserical with 

 scarcely any border, powder very white. Turn, and Borr. 

 Lich. Br. p. 67. E. Bot. t. 2401. — V. communis, g. aspergil/a, 

 Ach. Syn. 



On Oak and Beech, park-pales, and on rocks. 



8. V. Idctea, Pers. (milky-white Variolarid); crust subor- 

 bicular tartareous thick white smooth areolate tinged at the 

 edges with flesh-colour, apothecia copious suborbicular flattish 

 with an elevated border when young which afterwards dis- 

 appears, powder very white. Ach. Syn. p. 132. Turn, and 

 Borr. Lich. Br. p. 69. E. Bot. t. 2410. — Lichen lacteus, Linn. 

 Mant. — (3. armaria; crust continuous dirty lead-colour, apo- 

 thecia elevated nearly spheerical. Turn, and Borr. I. c. 



Rocks, in mountainous countries. /3. sandstone rocks, Sussex, Mr. 

 Borrer. Ireland, Mr. J. T. Mackay. 



9. V. cinerea, Sm. (ash-coloured Variolaria); crust orbicular 

 tartareous thin ash-coloured cracked its circumference indeter- 

 minate, apothecia orbicular very small white with an elevated 

 margin and a flesh-coloured disk. E. Bot. t. 2411. 



On whinstone, in Durham, Rev. Mr. Harriman. — Sir Jas. E. Smith 

 remarks upon this (with which I am unacquainted); " It has been con- 

 sidered a variety of V. lactea, but we presume to think it as distinct as 

 any other of the genus, differing from V. lactea in the grey ashy colour 

 and greater tenuity of the crust, but especially in the margin being inde- 

 terminate." 



10. V. multipunctala, Turn, (many-dotted Variolarid); crust 

 orbicular between filmy and tartareous thin rugulose glaucous- 

 white surrounded by an even polished very thin white border, 

 apothecia abundant hemisphserical compound dotted with an 

 inflexed border, powder white not copious. Turn, in Linn. 

 Trans, v. 9. p. 137. t. 10. /. 1. Ach. Syn. p. 129. Turn, and 

 Borr. Lich. Br. p. 73. — Lichen multipunctatus, E. Bot. t. 2061 .- r - 

 (3. laevigata ; crust cream-coloured scarcely cracked or rugose, 

 apothecia depressed. Turn, and Borr. I. c. 



Beech-trees in Sussex, common, Mr. Borrer. New Forest, Air. Lyell. 

 Durham, Mr. Robson and Mr. TliornhiU. — 0. St. Leonard's Forest, on 

 Beech and Oak, Mr. Borrer. 



11. V. veldta, Ach. (veiled Variolarid) ; crust limited mem- 

 branaceo-verrucose wrinkled greyish with a pale edge, apothecia 

 small crowded, the disk yellowish veiled with a white mem- 

 brane, border thick even of the substance of the crust, powder 



none. Ach. Syn. p. 119 Parmelia velata, Turn, in LJnn. Trans. 



v. 9. p. 143/*. 12. £ 1.— Lichen velatus, E. Bot. t. 2062. 



