172 LICHENES. [Urceolaria. 



— Name ; urceolus, a little pitcher ; from tiie hollowed form of 

 the apothecia, which, taken in conjunction with the elevated 

 border formed of the crust itself, constitutes the essential 

 character of this genus. 



1. U. scruposa, Ach. (common Urceolaria?); crust greyish- 

 white rugose granulated, apothecia with the disk deeply im- 

 mersed concave black the border very thick incurved crenated. 

 Ach. Syn. p. 143. Schcer. Lich. Helv. p. 75. n. 132.— Lichen 

 scruposus, Dicks. — E. Bot. t. 266. — Gyalecta bryophila, Ach. 

 Syn. p. 10.— Bill. Muse. *. 18./ 15. B. 



On heaths, walls and rocks. 



2. U. gibbosa, Ach. (gibbous-fruited Urceolaria); crust smoky- 

 brown formed of minute tessellated warts with a radiated 

 marginal fringe, apothecia immersed in each wart concave 

 blackish with an undivided elevated pale border. Sm — Ach. 

 Syn. p. 139. — U. jimbriata, Ach. Meth. — Lichen Jibrosus, 

 E. Bot. t. 1739. 



On flints upon the South-downs, Sussex, Mr. Borrer. Common on 

 flinty pebbles, Mr. Soiverby. — Mr. Schaerar refers this plant of E. Bot. 

 and the U.fimbriata, Ach. without any doubt to U. senqoosa. 



3. U. calcarea, Ach. (calcareous Urceolaria); crust indeter- 

 minate greenish ash-coloured cracked and tessellated, apothecia 

 immersed in the raised centre of the areolae nearly flat brownish 

 with an undivided elevated pale powdery border. Sm. — Ach. 

 Syn. p. 143, (var. (3.).— Lichen Hoffmanni, E. Bot. t. 1940. 

 — Urceolaria Hoffmanni, Ach. Meth. — Lichen cinereus, E. Bot. 

 t. 820, (L. multipunctatus, under t. 1751,) excl. the Syn. 



On rocks, stones and walls, in many places. — The L. cinereus, E. Bot. 

 t. 820, can surely not be distinguished from the U. calcarea. Smith af- 

 terwards referred it to the Verrucaria multipunctata, Hoffm. : but that 

 Acharius adduces as a synonym to Lecidea albo-ccentlescens. Indeed it 

 may be said of this, and the following Urceolarics, that they have an 

 equally strong claim to rank with Lecidea; or, if a slightly raised border 

 of the crust be considered to belong to the apothecia, to Lecanora. 

 In all, the apothecia are nearly level with the crust. 



4. U. cinerea, Ach. (grey Urceolaria); crust grey rugged 

 and cracked with a broad greenish undulated border, apothecia 

 immersed solitary or clustered slightly concave black with an 

 elevated entire border of the substance of the crust. S?n. — Ach. 

 Syn. p. 240. Schcer. Lich. Helv. p. 70. n. 125 — 129 — Lichen 

 cinereus, E. Bot. t. 1751. 



Abundant on loose exposed flints, in Sussex, Mr. Borrer. — I scarcely, 

 myself, see how this is distinguishable from U. calcarea: though 

 Sir J. E. Smith says it is nearly allied to U. gibbosa. 



5. U. Achdrii, Ach. (Acharian Urceolaria); crust somewhat 

 determinate smooth a little cracked pale brick-colour, apothecia 

 sunk in the crust reddish, the border tumid. — Ach. Syn. p. 137. 

 —Lichen Acharii, Wahl. Lapp. p. 405. E. Bot. t. 1087 — (3. 

 cyrtaspis, rugged greyish* white with a very narrow black edge, 



