138 LICHENES. [Calicium. 



Wall top at Ach-na-drain, Ross-shire; Borrer and Hook. Appin, 

 Captain Carmichael. — I have not seen the fructification of this, but the 

 thallus well agrees with the description and figure of Acharius. 



b. Apothecia more or less stipitate, hollow, goblet-shaped (pilidia). 



Fam. II. Calicioide^. 



2. Calicium. Ach. Calicium. 



Thallus crustaceous, spreading, adnate, uniform. Apothecia 

 (pilidia) goblet-shaped, more or less stipitate, filled with a com- 

 pact pulverulent mass of sporules, which constitutes the disk and 

 is plane or subglobose. — Named from xuxvxiov, a little cup, from 

 the form of the apothecia. This remarkable and beautiful 

 genus has been ranged among the Fungi by Persoon. The 

 arrangement and characters are taken from Turner and Borrer s 

 Lichenographia Britannica, still, unfortunately for the botani- 

 cal world, unpublished. 



* Apothecia sessile. 



1. C. sessile, Pers. (parasitic sessile Calicium); crust none? 

 pilidium sessile pyriform black polished with a thick inflexed 

 border, sporules black. Turn, and Bor. Lich. Br. p. 1 28. E. 



Bot. t. 2520 C. stigonellum, Ach. Syn. p. 56, et Lich. Un.t. 5. 



f, 5. — C. turbinatum, Ach. Syn.p. 56. Schair. Lich. Helv.p. 3. 

 n. 6. — Lichen gelasinatum, With. Bot. cum Ic. — Sphceria sphinc- 

 terica, Soiv. E. Fung. v. 3. t. 286. (but not Hypoxylon sphinc- 

 tericum, Bidl.) — (3. marginatum ; border of the capitulum white 

 or greyish. 



Common on the crust of Porina jjerlusa. — Crust apparently none. 

 Pilidium minute, inversely conical or turbinate, the lower solid part con- 

 stituting a very short stipes. The apothecium is at first convex with a 

 minute dot in the centre which soon becomes depressed, and at length 

 opens, disclosing an opaque powdery disk of a regularly circular outline 

 and in every stage surrounded by a thick, polished, elevated, entire and 

 inflexed border. The place of growth of this plant is very remarkable ; 

 its apothecia are parasitic in the cracks of the thallus (where they are 

 crowded) or in the depressions formed by the apertures of the verruca 

 (in which they usually stand single) of Porina pertusa Ach.; or accord- 

 ing to the observations of the late Sir T. Gage, upon Lecannra Perclla. 



2. C. microcephalum, Sm. (small-headed short-stalked Caliciwn); 

 crust granulated tartareous rugulose olive-coloured, pilidia ses- 

 sile pyriform black polished with a thick inflexed border, spo- 

 rules black. E. Bot. t. 1865. Turn, and Borr. Lich. Br. p. 130. 

 Oak rails by the sea, at Caister, near Yarmouth, Mr. Turner. Pack- 

 ington, Lady Aylsford. — The pilidia very much resemble those of C. 

 scllile, but they arise from a crust belonging to the plant of an olive- 

 brown colour, when moist a little inclining to green, and they are more 

 decidedly stipitate: still the able authors of the Lichenographia Britan- 

 nica seem to think it possible that these two species may be the same. 



