1'erruearia.] LICHENES. 151 



proaching to V. olivacea, although the white crust unci broken appear- 

 ance of the older tubercles tolerably well distinguish it. From V. cinerea, 

 the latter character and the thicker shell and greater protuberance of 

 the apothecia, will keep it separate, without adverting to the difference 

 of crust. It very closely resembles V. gemma t a; but the tubercles do not 

 attain half the size usual in that species, although they seem liable to all 

 the same variations in figure, except perhaps that they never become 

 mammillated ; their shell also passes under the base of the nucleus, 

 which does not appear to be the case in V.gemmata." Borr, 



10. V. niveo-dtra, Borr. (snowy -crusted Bark Verrucaria); 

 crust indeterminate thin rugose somewhat powdery white, apo- 

 thecia very minute orbicular half- immersed their apex naked 

 depressed rugose. Borr. in E. B)t. Suppl. t. 2637. f. 1. 



On old timber, in the wall of a house at Bamber, and on Elms at 

 Portslade, Sussex, Mr. Borrer. Hengrave, Suffolk, Sir T. Gage.—ThU 

 differs in its crust from V, biformis. the tubercles of that plant are also 

 larger and of a different structure. 



11. V. riidis, Borr. (rugged Bark Verrucarki); crust inde- 

 terminate somewhat gelatinous thin continuous uneven with 

 granulations grey or blackish, apothecia very minute prominent 

 irregularly sphaerical very rugged dull black. Borr. in E. Bot. 



Suppl t. 2637./ 2. 



On boarded buildings and on rugged Oaks, Hurst-pierpoint and Al- 

 bourne, Sussex, and at Esher, Surrey, Mr.Borrer. — This obscure produc- 

 tion is known from V.n'iveo-atra by the colour and texture of its crust 

 and more dingy hue of its tubercles, as well as the more generally con- 

 spicuous nucleus. It has some affinity with V. leucocephala in the struc- 

 ture of the tubercle, the shell being thinner and apparently softer than 

 in the generality of the crustaceous Vcrrucaricc, and small imperfect 

 patches are so intermixed with all our specimens of V. rudu upon bark, 

 as almost to load to a suspicion that the two are not really distinct. 

 Vet the tubercles are not powdered, nor do they partlike at all of the 

 tendency to a cylindrical figure, so observable both in the denadated sjate 

 and in the more common appearance of V. leucocephala i and they differ 

 farther by their minute size, rugged surface and hardly discoverable 

 orifice; the nature of the crust too, seems dissimilar. To distinguish /'. 

 rudu in its palest state from V.biformis and V. olivacea, it is only neces- 

 Bary to advert to the more even crust and the larger anil more distinctly 

 perforated tubercles of both those species. Borr. 



12. V. uphancs, Borr. (inconspicuous Bark \'< rntanui ); crust 



indeterminate very thin continuous minutely rugose olive, apo- 

 thecia very minute nearly globose covered with a pale olive 



powder. Borr, in J\ lint. Suppl. t. 26 1 2,f. 1. 



1'robablv not unfrequent, on old Elms, Henfield, Sussex, and near 

 Yarmouth.— This is rendered visible to the naked eye onh by a dull dark 

 olive tinge, so that it ma\ well have been passed over as the mere surface 

 of the bark. Different in appearance as arc the figures of these two spe- 

 cies, given in E, Bot, Suppl., ye\ Mr. Borrer observes that " the pow- 

 der) surface of the tubercl a of the present one Beems to indicate an 



affinitl between this most inconspicuous little lichen and the following, 



and the state of our knowledge of these obscure vegetables is bj do 

 in> stub as to warrant a positive assertion that it is not an infant 



state of that species, in the coinpam oi which we have lutherlo found 



