156 LICHENES. [Endocarpon. 



undoubtedly rank near to Verrucaria, with which Mr. Borrer 

 unites it ; but then the thallus is in general of a widely different 

 nature, scaly, coriaceous or foliaceous, not unfrequently peltate 

 and umbilicated. Some of the species flourish upon constantly 

 dripping rocks, within the spray of waterfalls, which is contrary 

 to the habit of Lichens in general ; hence, and on account of the 

 deeply immersed fructification, the Genus has been considered 

 to be a connecting link with the Hepaticce, through the Genus 

 Riccia. M. Fee places it apart from the true Lichens, in a 

 section which he calls Pseudo-Hepaticce and which he charac- 

 terizes by an entirely " globose immersed apothecium and a 

 coriaceous or foliaceous thaUus." These apothecia are so much 

 at variance with those of the other foliaceous Lichens, that I 

 have preferred arranging the Genus next to Verrucaria, although 

 many of its species have not " the thallus crustaceous, adherent 

 and amorphous." The attentive student of Nature will meet 

 with difficulties such as these at every step, in attempting to ar- 

 range her works according to a system of his own. 



1. E. minidtum, Ach. {grey cloudy Endocarpon); thallus 

 foliaceous coriaceous subumbilicated variously and broadly lobed 

 olive-grey tawny beneath. Schcer. Lich. Helv. p. 59. — «. um- 

 bilicatum ; umbilicate simple spreading and lobed. Schcer. Lich. 

 Helv. p. 59. n. 112. — E. miniatum, Ach. Syn. p. 101 — Lichen 

 miniatus, Linn. Sp. PI p. 1617. E. Bot. t. 593.-/3. compli- 

 calum ; subumbilicate csespitose polyphyllous, the lobes imbri- 

 cated erect. Schcer. Lich. Helv. p. 59. n. 113. — E. complica- 



tum, Ach. Syn. p. 10'2 Lichen miniatus, /S. amphihius, With. — 



E. Bot. t. 593 ? — y. aquaticum ; ceespitose polyphyllous, the 

 lobes crowded in the middle convolute, the exterior spreading 

 and cut. Schcer. Lich. Helv. p. 60. n. 114— E. Weberi, Ach. 

 Syn. p. 102. — Lichen aquaticus, Weis — E. Bot. t. 594. 



On rocks. «. On such as are perpendicular and dry. 0. On rocks 

 suffused with water or within reach of the spray of cascades, y. On stones 

 or rocks under water, in subalpine rivulets. — I cordially coincide with my 

 valued friend, the Rev. Mr. Schaerar, in uniting the three species, as these 

 have been considered, into one ; and indeed, 1 had hinted at the 

 propriety of doing so, in the Flora Scolica, many years ago. The plant 

 is most variable, depending for many of its appearances upon moisture 

 and exposure. When dry, it often assumss a reddish or tawny 

 hue with a minute powdery covering, especially the var. «. : — but, when 

 moist, the colour is usually an olive-green. 



2. E. Hedwigii, Ach. (Hedwigian Endocarpon); thallus a 

 subcartilaginous scattered flat somewhat lobed and angled grey- 

 ish-brown scale pale at the margin at length blackish fibrillose, 

 points of the apothecia protruded brownish-black. Ach. Syn. 

 p. 99. Schcer. Lich. Helv. p. 61. n. 115. — Lichen trapeziformis, 

 Dicks. — E. Bot. t. 595. — (3. lachneum; lobes of the thallus aggre- 

 gated somewhat imbricated, the margin elevated repando-lobate 

 waved beneath black and woolly. Ach. Syn. p. 99. — E. lack- 



