150 LICHENES. [Verrucaria. 



«. On the thin epidermis of the Birch. /3. on the smooth bark of 

 young Oaks in Sussex, Mr. Borrer, who now considers it a variety of 

 V. epidermidis. 



5. V. punctiformis, Pers. (brownish Bark Verrucaria); crust 

 determinate very thin smooth continuous rusty-brown, apothe- 

 cia very minute black hemispherical umbilicated. Ach. Syn. 

 p. 87. — Lichen punctif., E. Bot. t. 2412. 



Smooth bark of Ash-trees, Mr. Borrer. — Closely allied to V. epider- 

 midis, /3. analepta ,• but the crust is of a more reddish-brown or rusty- 

 hue, the apothecia are still more minute and so much umbilicated as to 

 be occasionally almost cup-shaped. 



6. V. olivdcea, Pers. (olive crusted Bark Verrucaria); crust 

 determinate filmy continuous or slightly cracked roughish olive- 

 green, apothecia prominent hemisphserical or somewhat conical 

 black slightly rugose, the crust rising about their base or in- 

 vesting the whole surface. Borr Pers. inUst. Ann. fasc. 1 .p. 28. 



p. 3. / 6. B. a. b. Borr. in E. Bot. Suppl. p. 2598./. 1.— V. 

 carpinea, Ach. Syn. p. 88. 



On the smooth trunks of Thorns, Ash-trees, &c, Mr. Borrer, who 

 remarks that it is indeed closely allied to V. epidermidis, and differs 

 from it chiefly by the more considerable and somewhat rugged crust. 



7. V. rhyponta, Ach. (black-stain Bark Verrucaria); crust 

 roundish filmy continuous roughish as if minutely flocculose 

 black, apothecia very minute prominent hemispherical black 

 for the most part slightly rugose. Borr. — Ach. Syn. p. 89. 

 Borr. in E. Bot. t. 2597./. 2. 



On the trunks of young trees, New Forest, Hants, C. Lycll, Esq. 

 Sussex, Mr. Borrer. — It grows parasitically on Opegrapha scripta, or 

 rather, to all appearance, Mr. Borrer observes, it is formed beneath the 

 crust of that plant and gradually bursts through and destroys it in little 

 stain-like spots. The less spreading thallus and the more minute tuber- 

 cles seem to distinguish this little plant from V. olivacea ; yet Mr. Lyell 

 has found on Beech bark, in the New Forest, a dark olive-crusted Ver- 

 rucaria, nearly intermediate in both respects. 



8. V. gemmdta, Ach. (large-fruited Bark Verrucaria?); crust 

 indeterminate almost filmy continuous or somewhat cracked 

 nearly smooth whitish, apothecia large prominent hemisphseri- 

 cal or deformed naked or invested with a very thin film. Borr. 

 —Ach. Sy?i. p. 90. Purt. Fl. v. 3. p. 162. Borr. in E. Bot. 

 t. 2617./. 2.— V. alba, Schrad.—Schccr. Lich. Heir. p. 55. n. 105. 



Frequent on the trunks of trees, especially of Ash. — The largest of 

 the British Verrucarice growing on bark, if we except the V. nitida ; but 

 most allied to the following species. 



9. V. biformis, Borr. (deceptive Bark Verrucaria); crust in- 

 determinate filmy continuous or sparingly cracked slightly ru- 

 gose 'or smooth or somewhat powdery greyish, apothecia small 

 prominent hemisphserical invested with a thin film. Borr. in 

 E. Bot. Suppl. t. 2617. f. 1. Schcer. Lich. Helv.p. 57. n. 109. 



Not unfrequent on young Oaks, sometimes on Ash and other trees. 

 Mr. Borrer, — " An obscure and puzzling lichen ; in some states ap- 



