136 LICHENES. 



c. Thattus shrubby, rounded, usually much branched, mostly erect. 



ot. Solid. Apothecia globose, filled with a black powder (cistidce) 



or solid. 



Fam. XVI. Sph^rophore^:. 



34. Isidium. Thallus crustaceous, spreading-, adnate, bear- 

 ing- solid erect branches (or podetia 1 ?) Apothecia orjbicular, con- 

 vex, at length subglobose, solid, terminal upon the podetia and 

 more or less sunk in the extremity, so as to leave a border of 

 the substance of the podetium. 



35. SpH/EROPHorox. Thallus crustaceo-cartilaginous, branch- 

 ed, suifrnticose, solid within. Apothecia (cistulce) subglobose, 

 sessile, terminal on the branches of the thallus and formed of it, 

 breaking with a torn margin and containing within a pulveru- 

 lent black mass collected into a ball. 



36. Stereocaulon. Thallus cartilaginous or somewhat 

 woody, branched and fruticulose. Apothecia turbinate, sessile, 

 solid, plane, scarcely rising above the border; the disk at length 

 spreading, covering the border and reflexed. 



(3. Thallus (or podetium ?) fistulose. Apothecia hemispherical, 

 fleshy (cephalodia). 



Fam. XVII. Cladonie^e. 



37. Cladonia. Thallus somewhat shrubby, branched, rarely 

 simple, leafy with scales which are at length often evanescent ; 

 branches (>podetia, Ach.) cartilaginous, rigid, fistulose, all attenu- 

 ated and subulate, divided, fertile, generally perforated in the 

 axils. Apothecia (cephalodia) sessile, orbicular, convex, capitu- 

 liform, not bordered, fixed by the circumference, free beneath 

 in the centre, the sides reflexed, uniform within. (Fee). 



38. Scyphophorus. Thallus foliaceous, imbricated ; podetia 

 fistulose, cylindrical, dilated upwards, bearing cups, or attenu- 

 ated and subulate, cups closed with a membrane, or cleft at the 

 extremity, often rayed in a somewhat digitated manner, the 

 rays all fertile. Apothecia (cephalodia) convex, capitnliform, 

 not bordered, free in the centre beneath, arranged around the 

 edges of the cup, the margin reflexed, uniform within. (Fee). 



39. Pycnothelia. Thallus subcrustaceous, uniform; pode- 

 tia (mostly simple short) hollow. Apothecia (cephalodia) or- 

 bicular, not bordered, capituliform, thickened, inflated beneath, 

 terminal, reflexed at the margin, uniform within. (Fee). 



