224 LICHENES. [Ramaliua. 



near Torquay, Hooker. Sussex, Mr. Borrer; generally, if not always, 

 growing on the family of Rosacea. — This is, in Britain, no less rare than 

 it is beautiful. I have gathered it abundantly upon White-Thorns, by 

 the road-side in La Vendee in France, but near the sea, where also it 

 appears always to grow with us. 



7. Tl. fldvicans, Ach. (brass-wire Borrerd); tliallus erect tufted 

 and entangled tawny waited compressed angular wavy, the 

 branches divaricated tapering, apothecia lateral nearly sessile 

 flat orange with a narrow entire pale border. — Ach. Syn. p. 224. 

 — Lichen flat-wans, Siv* — E. Bot. t. 2113.— L. vulpinus, Hods. 

 —Dill. Muse. t. 13. / 16. 



On trees and shrubs, especially on fruit-trees, in Devonshire and 

 Sussex and other parts of the south of England:— but I am not aware 

 that the apothecia have been found in Britain. — Mr. Lightfoot was pro- 

 bably mistaken in supposing it to be a native of Scotland. 



29. Evernia. Ach. Evernia. 



Thallus subcrustaceous, branched and laciniated, angled or 

 compressed, cottony within (" intus stuppeus"). Apothecia 

 orbicular, scutelliform, sessile ; the dish concave, coloured, with 

 an inflexed border formed of the thallus. — Name; iv, well, and 

 sgvog, a branch ; the species being a good deal branched. 



1. E. prundstri, Ach. (ragged hoary Evernia); thallus erect 

 greenish-white much branched pitted and rugged flat the seg- 

 ments linear attenuate somewhat grooved and paler beneath, 

 apothecia bright-brown concave elevated with an inflexed 

 border — Ach. Syn. p. 245. — Lichen prunastri, Linn — E. Bot. 

 t. 859. — Dill. Muse. t. 21./. 55. A. — (3. stictoceros ; compressed 

 pale sulphur-coloured with minute black terminal tubercles. 

 Lichen stictoceros, E. Bot. t. 1353. 



Trunks and branches of trees, common : the apothecia are unfrequent. 

 /3. On the ground upon broken sand-banks on Exmouth warren, 

 Devonshire, James Brodie, Esq. — This Lichen was brought into use in 

 Glasgow, by the late Lord Dundonald, and employed (during the 

 war) instead of gum in calico-printing ; it afterwards fell into disuse 

 as a very inferior substitute for that article. 



30. Ramalina. Ach. Ramalina. 



Thallus cartilaginous, branched and laciniated, somewhat 

 shrubby, generally having powdery warts (soredia), compactly 

 cottony within. Apothecia orbicular, scutelliform, stipitate and 

 peltate, plane, bordered, entirely formed of the substance of 

 the thallus and nearly of the same colour. Name derived from 

 ramale, a dead branch. 



1. R. polymorpha, Ach. (variable Ramalina); thallus plane- 

 compressed or roundish laciniato-ramose pale longitudinally 

 lacunose, soredia scattered subelliptical terminal capituliform, 

 apothecia submarginal rather concave the disk flesh-coloured 

 subpruinose. Ach. Syn. p. 295. Winch, Fl. of North, p. 92. — 



