Hoccella.] LICHEN ES. 2*21 



/3. On rocks, Devonshire, Mr. Slater. On the ground and on trees at 

 Inverary. — To me the var. /3. appears to be an old and diseased state of 

 C.glaaca, from which the dark epidermis beneath has fallen away, and 

 with very old large and almost convex apothecia. The figures in E. Bot. 

 (from foreign specimens), are more finely laciniated than I have ever 

 seen the plant. 



4. C. nivalis, Acli. (Snow Cdraria); thallus pale sulphur- 

 coloured orange at the base erect tufted nearly plane pitted and 

 reticulated laciniated, its segments multifid crisped crenato-den- 

 tate divaricated often warted at the points, apothecia pale flesh- 

 coloured their border crenulated Ach. Syn. p. 228. — Lichen 



nivalis, Linn. — E. Bot. t. 1994. 



Summit of the more elevated northern mountains of Scotland ; par- 

 ticularly abundant on the Cairngorm range. — Its flesh-coloured apothe- 

 cia, with a wrinkled and crenulated border, have never been found in 

 Britain. 



5. C. Isldndica, Ach. (Iceland Cetraria); thallus erect tufted 

 olive-brown paler on one side, laciniated channelled and dentato- 

 ciliate the fertile lacinia very broad, apotheciabrown appressedrlat 

 with an elevated border — Ach. Syn. p. 229. — Lichen Islandi- 

 cus, Linn. — E. Bot. t. 1330. Woodv. Med. Bot. t. 265. 



On the ground, in exposed situations on the mountains of the north, 

 generally sparingly. Particularly abundant and bearing apothecia copi- 

 ously on Ben-na-bord in Aberdeenshire, Dr. Grevd/e, Air. Arnott and 

 Hooker. — Very variable in size and ramification and somewhat in the 

 colour. Professor Graham was perhaps the first Botanist in Britain 

 who gathered its fructification. He met with it in Aug. 1821, (a single 

 specimen) near the top of a mountain called Morne, immediately to the 

 westward of Castleton in Braemar. Although the plant is abundant in 

 certain districts of Scotland, it has never with us been collected as an 

 article of commerce. A considerable proportion of what comes to our 

 shops, where it is in great request as a medicine in coughs, consump- 

 tions, &c., is procured from Norway or from Iceland. Immense quan- 

 tities are gathered in the latter country, not only for sale, but for their 

 own use as an article of common food. The bitter and purgative 

 quality being extracted by steeping in water, the Lichen i> dried, reduced 

 to powder, and made into a cake, or boiled and eaten with milk, and 



eaten with thankfulness, too, In the poor natives, who confess " that 



a bountiful Providence sends them bread out of the very stOffl 



27. Hot ( m,la. Ach. Boeceila. 



Tfiallui coriaceo-cartilaginoiis, rounded or plane, branched or 

 laciniated. Apothecia orbicular, adnate with the thaUus; the 

 dish coloured, plano-convex, with a border at length thickened 



and elevated, formed of the tlndlits and eo\ eiiu^ a SubleiH iforin, 



black, compact, pulverulent powder, concealed within the sub- 

 stance of the thallu». — Name, SUDpOSed t « » be derived from the 



family of the person who discovered it^ valuable propertiei m 

 a dye. 



1. \\. t in ctoria, De ('ami. ( uyer*i Hoccella, Hock-moss, or Ar- 

 chill); thallu-* suffruticose rounded branched somewhat erect 



