386 SYNGENESIA— POLYGAMIA-iEQU. Carduus. 



C. acanthoides. Huds. 35 1 . Light/. 45 1 . Bauh. Hist. v. 3. p. 1 . 



56./. 

 C. n. 166. Hall. Hist. V. 1.72. 



C. spinosissimus, capitulis minoribus. Raii Syn. 194. 

 Gray Thistle. Petiv.H. Brit. L 21./. 3. 



In drv sandy ground, chiefly near the sea. 



Not uncommon on hedge banks in the outskirts of London 5 but 

 more frequent about maritime towns and villages, in England 

 and Scotland. 



Annual. June, July. 



Root tapering, small. Herbage all white with cottony down. Stem 

 erect, straight, slightly branched, 3 or 4 feet high, angular, with 

 broad, deeply lobed, strongly spinous, leafy wings. Leaves 

 broadish, pinnatifid and sinuated, most cottony beneath, with 

 strong yellowish spines, less numerous than in the last. Fl. 

 sessile at the tops of the branches, several together, pale rose- 

 coloured, with much hwerforets, and consequently a narrower, 

 more oblong, calyx, than any of our other species of this or the 

 following genus. Calyx-scales dilated and ovate, rather mem- 

 branous, at the base ; the upper part finally spreading, and tip- 

 ped with a yellowish spine. Seeds grey, compressed, shining. 

 Dovm minutely rough. 



Very distinct from C. acanthoides and crispiis, and, I believe, from 

 every other Linngean species. It must surely be what Haller 

 intended under his n. 166, though I have no positive evidence, 

 and he marks it as a doubtful native of Switzerland. The true 

 C. crispus may be seen in Loes. Priiss. t. 5. Its calyx is globose. 



*^ Leaves sessile. 



4. C. marianus. Milk Thistle. 



Leaves wavy, spinous, clasping the stem ; radical ones pin- 

 natifid. Calyx-scales leafy, recurved, channelled ; spi- 

 nous at the margin. 



C. marianus. Xijm.Sp. PL 1153. Willd.v.Z.X^^^. Fl.Br.SoL 

 Engl. Bat. v. 14. t. 976. Curt. Lond.fasc. 3. t. 54. Hook. Scot. 

 236. Bauh. Hist. v. S.p.l. 52./. 



C. Mariae. Raii Syn. 195. Ger. Em. 1 150./. Trag. Hist. 850./. 

 Fuchs.Ic.32.f. 



C.lacteus. Matth. Falgr. v. 2.38. f. Corner. Epit. 445. f. Da- 

 lech. Hist. 1464. f. 



Leucographis Plinii. Dalech. Hist. 1475./. 



Silybum marianum. Gcertn.v.2.378. t. 162. 



S.n. 181. HallHist.v. i. 78. 



Spina alba hortensis. Fuchs. Hist. 56./. 



Milk Thistle. Petiv.H. Brit. t.2\.f. 9. 



)3. Carduus Mariae hirsutus non maculatus. Raii Syn. 195. 



