392 SYNGENESIA— POLYGAMIA-iEQU. Cnicus. 



Wiltshire downs, between Boyton house and Fonthill, abuir- 

 dantly. ud. B. Lambert, Esq. There 1 gathered it in 1819. 



Perennial. August. 



Root woody, creeping, sending down perpendicularly many ellip- 

 tical, tapering, fleshy knobs, externally blackish. Stem about 

 2 feet high, erect, straight, nearly soUd, round, furrowed, hairy^ 

 leafy, not at all winged ; either quite simple and single-flowered, 

 or dividing with a branch or two near the top. Leaves green 

 and downy above ; pale and cottony beneath ; all deeply pin- 

 natifid, with divided spinous-pointed lobes, fringed with fine 

 prickles 3 the lower ones on long, slightly winged /oofs^a^Ars; 

 upper nearly sessile j none decurrent. Fi. solitary at the sum- 

 mit of the stem or branch, erect, bright purple, twice the size 

 of C. palustris or arvensis, and more resembling heterophyllus, 

 but smaller. Cal. ovate, with spreading, leafy scales, a little 

 cottony, several of the outermost tipped with small spines. Seeds 

 short, obovate, with long, slender, feathery down. 



Gerarde's figure, p. 728./. 6, cannot be intended for this plant. 



7. C. heterophyllus. Melancholy Plume-thistle, 



Leaves clasping the stem, fringed ; undivided or pinnati- 

 fid ; very smooth above ; densely cottony beneath. Stem 

 downy, almost single-flowered. 



C. heterophyllus. W'dtd. Sp. PI. 16/3. Comp. ed.4. 134. Hook, 



Scot. 237. Lond. t. 27. 

 Carduus heterophyllus. Linn. Sp. PL 1 154. Fl. Br. 853. Engl. 



Bot.v 10. t. 67r>. Hull V. 1. 235. FL Dan. t. 109. 

 C. helenioides. Huds. 352. Light/. 457. fVith. 702. 

 Cirsium n. 180. HalLHisL v. \.11. t. 7. 

 C. anglicum secundum. Clus. Hist. v. 2. 148,/. Ger. Em. 1 1 83./. 



Pennei. 

 C britannicum. Clus. Pann. 657./ 658. 

 C. britannicum Clusii repens. Raii Sijn. 193. Bauh. Hist. v. 3. 



p. 1.46. f. MilLIc.63. <. 94. 

 Northern thistle. Pefiv. H. BriL t. 22. f. 2. 



In moist mountain pastures in the north. 



in the mountainous parts of Yorkshire, Westmoreland and Wales. 

 Ray arid DiUenius. In the inland Highlands of Scotland, not 

 unfrequent. Light/. In some parts of the Lowlands. Hook. A 

 little way up Ben Lomond. 



Perennial. Jul^, August. 



Root creeping. Stem 3 feet high, erect, hollow in the centre, 

 leafy, round, cottony, mostly simple and single-flowered, some- 

 times divided and bearing a smaller lateral flower. Leaves lan- 

 ceolate, pointed, fringed with copious, unequal, fine, bristly ra- 

 ther than prickly, serratures j bright green and very smooth 



